CN102277540A - igh temperature PWHT softening and production method thereof - Google Patents
igh temperature PWHT softening and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a normalized steel plate having excellent matching of toughness and strength and plasticity, good anti-fatigue and creeping resistance, resistance to high temperature PWHT softening, welding properties, and uniformity of tissue and property along with the direction of thickness of plating. The normalized steel plate can be used for preparing housings of pressure vessels, particularly carcass structures of steam evaporators voltage-stablizers. The resistance to high temperature PWHT softening specially comprises that after the steel plate being processed by the high temperature PWHT (postweld heat treatment) for more than 15 hours at the temperature of no less than 675 DEG C, the parent metal steel plate has the yield strength of no less than 300 MPa, and the tensile strength of no less than 490 MPa. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the steel plate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the normalizing type steel plate of low-carbon-equivalent [Ceq=C+Mn/6+ (Cu+Ni)/15+ (Cr+Mo+V)/5≤0.45%], specifically, relate to a kind of high temperature resistance postweld heat treatment (PWHT) remollescent pressure shell body and function normalizing type steel plate.
Background technology
Heat-resisting pressure shell body and function steel plate is a kind of middle temperature and pressure force container structured material that requires stable mechanical property behind comprehensive mechanical property (obdurability coupling, strong plasticity coupling), welding property and the high temperature PWTH, and it can be used to make the pressurized vessel key part---the trunk structure of steam evaporator and potentiostat.In pressurized vessel military service process, the trunk steel plate not only will bear structural bearing capacity, thermal stresses, and must have high antifatigue creep property, the high temperature resistance PWTH property of softening and stress corrosion performance, to improve heat-resisting pressure vessel safety and service life, also require to possess good weldprocedure simultaneously, so that processing.
The heat-resisting pressurized vessel of tradition high temperature resistance PWHT remollescent contains 0.30～0.50%Mo steel, Cr-Mo Series Steel, Mn-Ni-Mo steel (referring to 159～160 times Western Hills souvenir technology lectures, P147～P164 with general employing of normalizing type steel plate; 86～87 times Western Hills are commemorated technology lecture, P259～P312), add valuable alloying elements such as a large amount of Cr, Mo, Ni, V inevitably in these steel plates; This not only causes manufacturing cost to rise and manufacture difficulty strengthens (Ni, Cr, the higher steel plate of Mo constituent content, its cc billet surface quality is relatively poor, generally all needing rolls off the production line carries out surface-conditioning, also needs to carry out surface colour infiltration PT inspection, steel slab surface reconditioning and the cutting of band temperature etc. sometimes); And the alloy content of steel plate is higher, and carbon equivalent Ceq and welding cold cracking Sensitivity Index Pcm are also higher thereupon, and this brings bigger difficulty to site welding, need preheating before the weldering, postwelding needs thermal treatment, and site welding environmental degradation, welding efficiency reduce, and the processing and fabricating cost raises; And easily generation hydrogen-type corrosion, hydrogen cause problems such as embrittlement, temper embrittlement, weld part bed separation and creep embrittlement in structure manufacture and use.
The low-alloy tank plate that adopts normalizing thermal treatment after-acceleration process for cooling to produce low-carbon-equivalent high temperature resistance PWTH is also arranged in the prior art, but the steel plate processing technology thereof is relatively poor, show as through behind the high temperature PWHT, the steel plate obdurability does not reach the requirement of user or technological standard, its origin cause of formation is that steel plate is after cooling is quickened in normalizing, resulting microstructure is granular bainite or upper bainite, except that steel plate intrinsic toughness and plasticity are relatively poor, the more important thing is by normalizing and quicken granular bainite or the upper bainite that cooling obtains, the thermostability of tissue is relatively poor, in follow-up high temperature PWHT process, serious degeneration takes place in tissue, cause armor plate strength, toughness sharply descends, thereby this kind method is not suitable for and produces high temperature resistance PWHT low-alloy tank plate, and is especially particularly like this under the lower condition of carbon equivalent.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of normalizing type steel plate, it has excellent obdurability and strong plasticity coupling, good antifatigue creep property, the high temperature resistance PWHT property of softening, weldprocedure and along thickness of slab direction microstructure and property homogeneity, can be used to make vessel shell, especially the trunk structure of steam evaporator and potentiostat, the described high temperature resistance PWHT property of softening especially refer to steel plate through 〉=675 ℃ * more than 15 hours after the high temperature postweld heat treatment, mother metal steel plate yield strength 〉=300MPa, tensile strength 〉=490MPa.
Normalizing type steel plate provided by the invention, its chemical constitution and weight percent are as follows:
C：0.15％～0.20％；
Si：≤0.30％；
Mn：1.00％～1.30％；
P：≤0.015％；
S：≤0.003％；
Als：0.030％～0.060％；
Ni：0.10％～0.30％；
Cr：0.10％～0.30％；
Mo：0.05％～0.10％；
Ti：0.004％～0.010％；
Nb：0.008％～0.030％；
V：0.010％～0.030％；
B：0.0003～0.0008％；
N：≤0.0060％；
Ca：0.0010％～0.0040％；
Surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Preferably, 5≤Mn/C≤10 are to guarantee that super-thick steel plate has good plasticity and toughness simultaneously.
Preferably, (0.52Als+0.15Nb+0.22V) 〉=(Mn/C) * (N
Total-0.292Ti),, guarantee that B is solid-solubilized in the steel to eliminate the mother metal steel plate, reduce HAZ solid solution N content, improve the plasticity and toughness of HAZ.
Preferably, 0.015≤C * (Mo+Nb+V)≤0.035, to guarantee the steel plate high temperature resistance PWHT property of softening.
Preferably, C 〉=0.135 (1+t/280), to guarantee the steel plate high temperature resistance PWHT property of softening, wherein t is the Finished Steel plate thickness, unit is mm.
Preferably, B 〉=0.00022[1+t/85], guarantee to have in the steel plate enough solid solution B, guarantee certain hardening capacity that steel plate has, promote air cooling condition lower bainite to form, improve the steel plate high temperature resistance PWHT property of softening, intensity behind the raising steel plate high temperature SR, wherein t is the Finished Steel plate thickness, unit is mm.
Preferably, Nb/Ti 〉=1.00, guarantee Ti (C, N), (C N) separates out in steel with the form of small and dispersed Nb, and refinement steel plate crystal grain improves not only armor plate strength and toughness, and improves welded H AZ (heat affected zone) performance.
Preferably, Ca/S is between 1.00～3.00 and Ca * S
0.18≤ 2.0 * 10
-3, guarantee that the complete nodularization of sulfide, quantity are few, and disperse is distributed in the steel; Not only do not harm steel plate toughness, and tiny Ca (O, S) particle pinning welded H AZ austenite crystal is grown up, and improves welded H AZ toughness.
Preferably, Ceq=C+Mn/6+ (Cu+Ni)/15+ (Cr+Mo+V)/5≤0.45% improves the steel plate weldprocedure.
The steel plate tissue that has excellent combination property according to the present invention is evenly tiny equiaxed ferritic grain+abnormal perlite+granular bainite+a small amount of ferrite bainite.
The effect of each element and content thereof is as follows in the steel plate of the present invention:
Room temperature strength, high temperature resistance PWHT that C can improve steel plate significantly soften, but the C too high levels is not only damaged the plasticity and toughness of steel plate, anti-temper embrittlement, hydrogen and is caused embrittlement and fatigue property, the more important thing is the weldability of grievous injury steel plate, so the C content in the steel is unsuitable too high; Through studies show that in a large number, when C content is lower than 0.15%, the serious deterioration of steel plate high temperature resistance PWHT softening performance, comprehensive above factor, the content of C is controlled between 0.15%～0.20%.
Room temperature strength and high temperature resistance PWHT that Si promotes deoxidation of molten steel also can improve steel plate soften; But adopt the molten steel of Al deoxidation, the desoxydatoin of Si is little, though it is softening that Si can improve the room temperature strength and the high temperature resistance PWHT of steel plate, but the plasticity and toughness of Si grievous injury steel plate, anti-temper embrittlement and hydrogen cause the embrittlement performance, the more important thing is the weldability of Si grievous injury steel plate and the fatigue property of welding joint, therefore the Si content in the steel should be controlled lowly as far as possible, considers the economy and the operability of steelmaking process, and Si content is controlled at≤and 0.30%.
Mn as important alloying element in steel plate except that improving intensity and improving the toughness, also have the austenite of expansion phase region, reduce Ac
1, Ac
3, Ar
1, Ar
3The point temperature, the effect of refinement ferrite/pearlitic microstructure; Adding too much Mn can increase (Mn and P, S, C, Mo produce the conjugation segregation) and surface crack between the segregation degree and line of segragation of strand inside, the metallurgical quality of infringement strand, and then influence endoplasm viability, surface quality and the mechanical property of steel plate; Simultaneously, add the weldability of too much Mn infringement steel plate, easily form crisp sclerous tissues such as island martensite body, take all factors into consideration above-mentioned factor, according to the C content range, Mn content is controlled between 1.00%～1.30%.
P is as harmful plasticity and toughness, antifatigue creep property that is mingled with steel plate in the steel, especially the anti-hydrogen of steel plate caused embrittlement, anti-temper brittleness and weldability and has huge detrimental effect; It is low more good more to require in theory, but considers that the logistics of steel-making condition, steel-making cost and steelworks is smooth and easy, require P content be controlled at≤0.015%.
S is as harmful plasticity and toughness, antifatigue creep property that is mingled with steel plate in the steel, especially the anti-hydrogen of steel plate caused embrittlement, anti-temper brittleness and weldability and has huge detrimental effect; The more important thing is that S combines with Mn in steel, form the MnS inclusion, in course of hot rolling, the plasticity-of MnS makes MnS along rolling to extension, form along rolling to MnS inclusion band, the transverse impact toughness of grievous injury steel plate, Z are to performance and weldability, and S produces hot short principal element in the course of hot rolling simultaneously; It is low more good more to require in theory, but considers the smooth and easy principle of logistics of steel-making condition, steel-making cost and steelworks, require S content be controlled at≤0.003%.
Cr is as weak carbide forming element, adds Cr and improving steel plate room temperature strength, high temperature resistance PWHT remollescent simultaneously, the have some improvement effect of steel plate antifatigue creep property of tool; But when the Cr addition is too much, the weldability of grievous injury steel plate and anti-temper brittleness, the especially impelling strength of welding joint PWHT; Therefore Cr content is controlled between 0.10%～0.30%.
Mo can improve the hardening capacity of steel plate, promotes low temperature phase change tissue to form, so Mo is when increasing substantially that steel plate room temperature strength, high temperature resistance PWHT are softening, antifatigue creep property and hydrogen causes embrittlement, the plasticity and toughness and the anti-temper brittleness of reduction steel plate; Especially add when too much as Mo, the impelling strength of the unit elongation of grievous injury steel plate, weldability and welding joint PWHT not only, and increase the manufacturing cost of steel plate.Therefore phase transformation strengthening, the creep of raising antifatigue, the softening effect of high temperature resistance PWHT of taking all factors into consideration Mo reach the influence to mother metal steel plate plasticity and toughness, temper embrittlement and weldability, and Mo content is controlled between 0.05%～0.15%.
Ni can improve dislocation mobility in the ferritic phase, promotes dislocation to hand over slippage; Ni reduces Ar as austenite stabilizer element
3The point temperature, refining grain size; Therefore Ni has the function that improves armor plate strength, unit elongation and low-temperature flexibility simultaneously; Add the copper brittleness phenomenon that Ni can also reduce Copper Bearing Steel in the steel, alleviate the intergranular cracking of course of hot rolling, improve the resistance to atmospheric corrosion of steel plate.Therefore theoretically, Ni content is high more within the specific limits good more in the steel, and the welded heat affecting zone but too high Ni content can harden is softening and creep-resistant property is unfavorable to weldability, the high temperature resistance PWHT of steel plate; Ni is a kind of very noble element simultaneously, considers that from the ratio of performance to price Ni content is controlled between 0.10%～0.30%, does not damage the weldability of steel plate with the comprehensive mechanical property of guaranteeing steel plate.
Ti can suppress in slab heating, the course of hot rolling austenite crystal and too grow up, and improves the steel plate low-temperature flexibility, the more important thing is and suppresses HAZ grain growth in the welding process, improves HAZ toughness; In addition, Ti has solid N effect, eliminates free N in the steel, guarantees that the B element exists with solid solution B form; Yet when Ti content surpassed 0.010%, when adopting the die casting cast, the TiN particle of formation was not only more but also comparatively thick, becomes the crack nucleation position, has a strong impact on steel plate antifatigue creep property, therefore controls its content between 0.004%～0.010%.
Als (sour molten aluminium) is the freedom [N] in the steel fixedly, removes and reduces welded heat affecting zone (HAZ) free [N], improves outside the low-temperature flexibility effect of welded H AZ, the more important thing is to guarantee to have certain solid solution B in the steel, improve steel plate hardening capacity; Therefore the Als lower limit is controlled at 0.030%; Not only can cause the casting difficulty but add excessive Als in the steel, and can in steel, form the needle-like Al of a large amount of disperses
2O
3Inclusion, infringement steel plate endoplasm viability, low-temperature flexibility and weldability, so the Als upper limit is controlled at 0.060%.
N: in order to ensure the existence of solid solution in the steel plate [B] and prevent that a large amount of thick AlN from separating out along original austenite crystal prevention, the impelling strength of infringement steel plate is low-temperature impact toughness especially laterally, and the N content in the steel must not surpass 0.006%.
B can guarantee that steel plate has certain hardening capacity, forms thermally-stabilised good granular bainite after the steel plate normalizing during air cooling; Addition is very few≤and 0.0003%, steel plate steel plate intrinsic hardening capacity is relatively poor, and air cooling is not enough to form an amount of bainite after the normalizing, steel plate high temperature resistance PWHT softening power deficiency; Addition too much 〉=0.0008% not only causes the serious deterioration of steel plate intrinsic plasticity and toughness, and the weldability of infringement steel plate, so its content is controlled between 0.0003%～0.0008%
Nb: the Nb element purpose of adding trace in the steel be improve that steel plate room temperature strength, high temperature resistance PWHT are softening, creep-resistant property and carry out the non-recrystallization controlled rolling, when the Nb addition is lower than 0.008%, not enough to the highly malleablized effect of normalizing attitude steel plate; When the Nb addition surpasses 0.030%, the weldability of infringement steel plate, so Nb content is controlled between 0.008%～0.030%, when obtaining best controlled rolling highly malleablized effect, do not damage the toughness of HAZ again.
V content is between 0.010%～0.03%, and along with the increase of steel plate thickness, V content is the capping value suitably.Adding the V purpose is that (C N) separates out in ferritic phase, improves the softening and creep-resistant property of room temperature strength, high temperature resistance PWHT of steel plate by V.V adds very few, is lower than 0.010%, and the V that separates out (C, N) quantity not sufficient is to improve high temperature resistance PWHT softening performance, the creep-resistant property of steel plate; The V addition is too much, is higher than 0.03%, infringement steel plate plasticity and toughness, anti-fatigue performance and weldability.
Ca: steel is carried out Ca handle, on the one hand can further pure molten steel, on the other hand sulfide in the steel is carried out denaturing treatment, make it to become non deformable, stablize tiny spherical sulfide, suppress S red brittleness, improve steel plate plasticity and toughness, antifatigue creep property and Z to performance, improve steel plate flexible anisotropy; What of Ca add-on are depended on the height of S content in the steel, and the Ca add-on is low excessively, and treatment effect is little; The Ca add-on is too high, and (O, S) oversize, fragility also increases, and can become the fracture crack starting point, reduces the plasticity and toughness and the antifatigue creep property of steel, also reduces purity of steel simultaneously, pollutes molten steel to form Ca.General control Ca content is pressed ESSP=(wt%Ca) [1-1.24 (wt%O)]/1.25 (wt%S), and wherein ESSP is a sulfide inclusion shape control index, be advisable between the span 0.5～5, so the OK range of Ca content is 0.0010%～0.0040%.
Normalizing type steel plate of the present invention can be made by the following method, and this method comprises:
(1) steel-making;
(2) casting, wherein:
Technology emphasis control pouring temperature and solidification of molten steel speed, 1560 ℃～1580 ℃ of pouring temperatures;
(3) slab heating, wherein:
Adopt high-pressure water descaling after 1100 ℃～1200 ℃ of slab heating temperatures, slab are come out of the stove, de-scaling is de-scaling not to the utmost repeatedly;
(4) rolling, comprise fs and subordinate phase, wherein:
Fs is common rolling, adopts big rolling pass draft to carry out continuous rolling, guarantees that the deformation metal takes place dynamically/static recrystallize, refine austenite crystal grain, common rolling accumulative total draft 〉=50% of fs;
Subordinate phase adopts non-recrystallization district's controlled rolling (TMR), controlled rolling start rolling temperature≤850 ℃, rolling pass draft 〉=8%, the total draft of non-recrystallization Qu 〉=45%, finishing temperature≤830 ℃;
(5) normalizing thermal treatment, wherein:
Normalizing temperature is controlled between 880～910 ℃, and the normalizing time is 1.0～2.0min/mm * t (steel plate thickness, unit are mm), and after the steel plate normalizing was come out of the stove, natural air cooling was to room temperature.
Preferably, step (2) adopts die casting.
The present invention is in technological line and composition technological design, when having taken all factors into consideration mother metal steel plate obdurability, strong plasticity coupling and the high temperature resistance PWHT property of softening, in creatively adopting among the C-among the Mn-composition system of N low alloy steel as the basis, suitably improve in the steel sour molten Als content and control its scope, control Mn/C than between 5～15, (Ni+Cr+Mo+V) alloying, Nb microalloying, ultra micro Ti-B handles and Nb/Ti 〉=1.00, Ca handles and Ca/S than between 1.00～3.00, Ca * S
0.18≤ 2.0 * 10
-3, optimize controlled rolling, follow-up normalizing heat treatment technique, the tough coupling that obtains excellence is suitable for being used as heat-resisting pressurized vessel trunk especially with strong plasticity coupling, antifatigue creep property, high temperature resistance PWHT is softening and good weldprocedure.
The present invention has not only reduced the steel plate manufacturing cost, has shortened the steel plate manufacturing cycle, steel plate organization of production difficulty (Cr, the higher steel plate of Mo constituent content have also been reduced, steel slab surface is second-rate, generally all needing rolls off the production line carries out surface-conditioning, sometimes also need surface colour penetration inspection (being that so-called PT checks and cutting of band temperature and postheat treatment etc.), also eliminated the difficulty that contains Cr, the recovery of Mo steel scrap in a large number; The more important thing is the weldprocedure of having improved super-thick steel plate, saved user's member manufacturing cost, shortened user's member manufacturing time, for the user has created huge value, thereby this type of steel plate is the product of high added value, green environmental protection.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the micro-organization chart (* 500) of embodiment of the invention steel plate D.
Embodiment
The chemical ingredients of embodiment sees Table 1, according to the following steps manufacturing:
TDS molten iron deep desulfuration → converter smelting → LF → RH (feed Si-Ca silk) → die casting → slab roll off the production line finishing → slab scale fire cut → heat → thermo-mechanical rolling (TMR) → steel plate heap slow cooling/hole slow cooling → AUT/MUT → swarf, crop end → thick ball blast go surface of steel plate oxide skin → normalizing thermal treatment (N) → sampling and performance test (comprise sample simulate PWHT) → cut scale steel plate → surface quality and apparent size, sign and detection → dispatch from the factory.
The processing parameter of embodiment sees Table 2, and performance perameter sees Table 3.
Referring to Fig. 1 as can be known, steel plate tissue of the present invention is evenly tiny equiaxed ferritic grain+abnormal perlite+granular bainite+a small amount of ferrite bainite.
As known from Table 3, by the foregoing invention technical scheme, common carbon manganese steel high temperature resistance SR performance reaches the level of 2.25Cr-Mo jessop, forms the common carbon manganese steel manufacturing technology of distinctive in the world high temperature resistance SR.
The present invention combines with non-recrystallization controlled rolling and thermal treatment process by rational alloying element unitized design, when obtaining excellent mother metal steel plate obdurability, strong plasticity coupling, steel plate antifatigue creep property, the high temperature resistance PWHT property of softening and weldprocedure are excellent too; So, not only can reduce the steel plate manufacturing cost, shorten the steel plate manufacturing cycle, also reduce steel plate organization of production difficulty; The more important thing is the weldprocedure and the high temperature resistance PWHT property of softening of having improved super-thick steel plate, guaranteed that deterioration does not take place pressurized vessel trunk performance in manufacturing processed, improved the safe reliability in the later operational process of container, saved user's member manufacturing cost, shortened user's member manufacturing time, for the user has created huge value.
Claims (11)
1. normalizing type steel plate, its chemical constitution and weight percent are as follows:
C：0.15％～0.20％；
Si：≤0.30％；
Mn：1.00％～1.30％；
P：≤0.015％；
S：≤0.003％；
Als：0.030％～0.060％；
Ni：0.10％～0.30％；
Cr：0.10％～0.30％；
Mo：0.05％～0.10％；
Ti：0.004％～0.010％；
Nb：0.008％～0.030％；
V：0.010％～0.030％；
B：0.0003～0.0008％；
N：≤0.0060％；
Ca：0.0010％～0.0040％；
Surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
2. normalizing type steel plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein 5≤Mn/C≤10.
3. normalizing type steel plate as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein (0.52Als+0.15Nb+0.22V) 〉=(Mn/C) * (N-0.292Ti).
4. as any one described normalizing type steel plate of claim 1-3,0.015≤C * (Mo+Nb+V)≤0.035 wherein.
5. as any one described normalizing type steel plate of claim 1-4, wherein C 〉=0.135 (1+t/280), wherein t is the Finished Steel plate thickness, unit is mm.
6. as claim 1-5 any one described normalizing type steel plate, wherein B 〉=0.00022[1+t/85], wherein t is the Finished Steel plate thickness, unit is mm.
7. as claim 1-6 any one described normalizing type steel plate, wherein Nb/Ti 〉=1.00.
8. as any one described normalizing type steel plate of claim 1-7, wherein Ca/S is between 1.00～3.00 and Ca * S
0.18≤ 2.0 * 10
-3
9. as any one described normalizing type steel plate of claim 1-8, wherein Ceq=C+Mn/6+ (Cu+Ni)/15+ (Cr+Mo+V)/5≤0.45%.
10. as the preparation method of any one described normalizing type steel plate of claim 1-9, comprising:
(1) steel-making;
(2) casting, wherein:
Pouring temperature is 1560 ℃～1580 ℃;
(3) slab heating, wherein:
Slab heating temperature is 1100 ℃～1200 ℃, adopts high-pressure water descaling after slab is come out of the stove;
(4) rolling, comprise fs and subordinate phase, wherein:
Fs is common rolling, adopts big rolling pass draft to carry out continuous rolling, guarantees that the deformation metal takes place dynamically/static recrystallize, refine austenite crystal grain, common rolling accumulative total draft 〉=50% of fs;
Subordinate phase adopts non-recrystallization district's controlled rolling (TMR), controlled rolling start rolling temperature≤850 ℃, rolling pass draft 〉=8%, the total draft of non-recrystallization Qu 〉=45%, finishing temperature≤830 ℃;
(5) normalizing thermal treatment, wherein:
Normalizing temperature is controlled between 880～910 ℃, and the normalizing time is 1.0～2.0min/mm * t, and t is the Finished Steel plate thickness, and unit is mm, and after the steel plate normalizing was come out of the stove, natural air cooling was to room temperature.
11. preparation method as claimed in claim 10, wherein step (2) adopts die casting.
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