CN102220452B - Method for duplex dephosphorization of intermediate frequency furnace and vacuum induction furnace - Google Patents
Method for duplex dephosphorization of intermediate frequency furnace and vacuum induction furnace Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for duplex dephosphorization of an intermediate frequency furnace and a vacuum induction furnace, which comprises the following steps: weighing a certain quantity of scrap steel raw materials, wherein the weight is recorded as W; loading active lime into a crucible of the intermediate frequency furnace, further loading the scrap steel raw materials, transmitting power for heating up till the completion of melting of scrap steel; adding preliminary dephosphorization agent into molten steel, controlling the temperature of slag at 1320-1380 DEG C, slagging off after full dephosphorization, further making white slag, then sampling, determining the content by weight percentage of phosphorus in a molten steel sample and recording the content; transferring the molten steel into the crucible of the vacuum induction furnace and pre-loading active lime into the bottom of the crucible; transmitting the power for heating up the vacuum induction furnace, controlling the temperature of the molten steel at 1500-1580 DEG C, adding fluorite and ferric oxide fine powder into the molten steel for refining for 3-8 minutes, further performing air breaking and the slagging off; then adding carbon grains into the molten steel, closing the furnaces, vacuumizing, degassing and deoxidizing; and further adding aluminum shot into the molten steel, circulating for 3-5 minutes and pouring under vacuum state. Practices prove that the dephosphorization efficiency of the method is high, the speed is fast, the slag amount is small and the slagging off is facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ultralow phosphorus ultra-clean steel technical field of smelting, refer to the method that a kind of intermediate frequency furnace and vacuum induction furnace are duplex dephosphorized particularly.
Background technology
Phosphorus is harmful element in steel, can significantly reduce the toughness of steel, especially under coldcondition; Toughness degenerates more remarkable, causes the cold short of steel, and the local organization that the segregation of phosphorus causes steel easily is unusual; Cause anisotropy, unfavorable to welding property, cause weld cracking.Therefore need carry out dephosphorization treatment to molten steel in this smelting process.
Before the present invention, a kind of vacuum oven dephosphorizing method commonly used, the just simple CaC that adds
2-CaF
2Flux is done dephosphorizing agent, and this dephosphorizing agent utilizes alkaline dephosphorization not have oxidizer merely, thereby produces a large amount of slags; To abolish vacuum environment for a long time and just can skim, aggravate the secondary oxidation of molten steel easily, abolish secondary oxidation of steel during the vacuum environment and produce the molten steel vigorous splash during; There is big potential safety hazard; Simultaneously, complicated operation, the dephosphorization effect of this dephosphorizing method are relatively poor, and end phosphorus content reaches about 100ppm.Application number is that 02115419.8 Chinese invention patent discloses a kind of method of producing the control phosphorus of ultra-low phosphoretic steel; It is to carry out according to the following steps: in steel melting furnace, add the basicity account for stove metal charge 8～10% (weight ratio) 3.0～4.0, the slag former of all iron content between 17～25 carry out the steel melting furnace dephosphorization, the phosphorus during tapping is controlled at below 0.008% (weight ratio); The molten steel jar is constantly carried out the Argon stirring finish back 3～5min, add molten steel and the molten iron all dephosphorizing agent and the quickened lime of ability usefulness simultaneously until tapping; Argon is carried out heated and stirred (not deoxidation) at refining furnace after stirring and finishing; According to the steel grade needs, directly, vacuum carries out deoxidation alloying again after carrying out deoxidation alloying or pull down slag; Carry out continuous casting rephosphorization control.But the method that should control phosphorus only is fit to converter steelmaking, and also will prevent rephosphorization in the casting process, and operation is complicated, and manufacturing cost is high, and the dephosphorization result mostly can only be about 70ppm.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is exactly to provide good, the final phosphorus content of a kind of dephosphorization effect can reach intermediate frequency furnace and the duplex dephosphorized method of vacuum induction furnace below the 25ppm.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the method that intermediate frequency furnace of the present invention and vacuum induction furnace are duplex dephosphorized may further comprise the steps:
1) take by weighing certain raw scrap material, weight is designated as W;
2) quickened lime of 1～4%W is packed in the crucible of intermediate frequency furnace, reinstall raw scrap material, feeding temperature-raising to steel scrap melts and finishes;
3) in molten steel, add the first dephosphorizing agent of 3～6%W; Control slag temperature is at 1320～1380 ℃; Treat to skim after dephosphorization fully and reproduce white slag, take a sample then and measure the weight percentage of phosphorus in the molten steel appearance, count P%; Wherein, the said weight percentage of each component of dephosphorizing agent just is: calcium chloride 2～6%, boric acid 1～5%, quickened lime 70～80%, iron scale 10～20%;
4) molten steel is changed in the vacuum induction furnace crucible over to pack into the in advance quickened lime of 1～4%W of crucible bottom;
5) give the vacuum induction furnace feeding temperature-raising; Molten steel temperature is controlled at 1500～1580 ℃; In molten steel, add fluorite and the smart powder refining of red oxide of iron 3～8min, broken again sky is skimmed, wherein; Add fluorite weight control be 0.1～0.2%W, add the smart powder of red oxide of iron weight control be 4.3 * P%W;
6) then, in molten steel, add the carbon granules of 0.005～0.01%W, close stove evacuation degassing deoxidation;
7) in molten steel, add the aluminum shot of 0.005～0.01%W again, circulation 3～5min pours into a mould under vacuum.
Further, the first dephosphorization dosage that is added in the said step 3) is 5%W.
Also further, the first dephosphorizing agent in the said step 3) on average is added in the molten steel in two batches, skims after first dephosphorizing agent to be added fully reacts, and adds second batch of dephosphorizing agent again.
Again further, CaF in the fluorite that step 5) added
2Weight percentage>=85%.
Intermediate frequency furnace and the vacuum induction furnace of having adopted of the present invention is duplex dephosphorized; Dephosphorizing agent at the beginning of in intermediate frequency furnace, adopting calcium chloride, boric acid, quickened lime, iron scale to be composited; Because in intermediate frequency furnace, phosphorus generation reactions: 6P+5Fe in iron scale and the molten steel in the first dephosphorizing agent
2O
3=3P
2O
5+ 10Fe, reactions: 3CaO+P takes place in the quickened lime of adding again
2O
5=Ca
3(PO
4)
2Carry out the dephosphorization slag making, the calcium chloride of adding, boric acid then can well be optimized the slag condition, and dephosphorisation reaction is as far as possible fully thoroughly carried out.Control slag temperature is at 1320～1380 ℃ in the intermediate frequency furnace, and best dephosphorization rate can reach more than 90%, is lower than 0.1% situation end phosphorus content for the raw scrap material phosphorus content and can reaches and be lower than 0.01%.The oxygenant of just being selected for use in the dephosphorizing agent mainly is an iron scale, and wide material sources are with low cost.
Then molten steel is changed over to vacuum oven; Adopt quickened lime and fluorite, red oxide of iron essence powder deep dephosphorization at vacuum oven; Fluorite added before the smart powder of red oxide of iron; The smart powder of red oxide of iron divides equally that to add the reaction phosphor-removing effects for 2～3 times better, add red oxide of iron weight control be 4.3 * P%W, this consumption is according to chemical reaction 6P+5Fe
2O
3=3P
2O
5+ 10Fe calculates the smart powder consumption of red oxide of iron=160 * 5 * W * P%/31/6 ≈, 4.3 * W * P%, and wherein P% is the phosphorus content of molten steel behind the intermediate frequency furnace dephosphorization.Molten steel temperature is at 1500～1580 ℃ in the control vacuum induction furnace, and corresponding dephosphorization effect is better.The said vacuum induction furnace refining later stage removes and in time adds an amount of carbon granules and aluminum shot behind the dephosphorized slag, and the Vakuumkammer that closes again vacuumizes deoxidation, and the molten steel total oxygen content is can be controlled in below the 25ppm.
The present invention carries out the duplex dephosphorization through making up to intermediate frequency furnace+vacuum induction furnace; At first utilize said dephosphorizing agent just to accomplish main dephosphorization task earlier,, and in vacuum oven, make alkalescence and the oxidative environment that is fit to dephosphorization then at the vacuum induction furnace deep dephosphorization at intermediate frequency furnace; Dephosphorization efficient is high; Speed is fast, and the quantity of slag is few, is beneficial to remove.And, behind dephosphorization, add carbon granules again and vacuumize deoxidation, thereby produce low-phosphorous high purity steel product, can smelt ultralow phosphorus ultra-clean steel.Duplex dephosphorized method is suitable for phosphorus content≤25ppm in intermediate frequency furnace of the present invention and the vacuum induction furnace, total oxygen content can reach the special smelting of ultra-low phosphoretic steel kind below the 25ppm.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment intermediate frequency furnace of the present invention and the duplex dephosphorized method of vacuum induction furnace are done further to specify.
Embodiment 1
Certain steel, its each component weight percent content require to be C≤100ppm, Si≤0.3%, P≤0.025%.
Preparation contains the first dephosphorizing agent of calcium chloride 4%, boric acid 3%, quickened lime 75%, iron scale 18% composition.
1) takes by weighing the 100kg raw scrap material;
2) the 2kg quickened lime is added in the intermediate frequency furnace crucible feel secure, and the 100kg raw scrap material of packing into, feeding temperature-raising to molten steel melts and finishes;
3) take by weighing the said Dephosphorising agent just of 5kg; The compound dephosphorization agent that in molten steel, adds first 2.5kg; Control slag temperature is at 1320～1380 ℃; Add second batch of 2.5kg compound dephosphorization agent after skimming; The control molten steel temperature is treated fully to skim after the reaction at 1320～1380 ℃, makes white slag then; The sampling tapping, the P elements weight percentage is 0.008% in the mensuration molten steel;
4) change molten steel over to the vacuum oven refining, pack into the in advance 2kg quickened lime bottoming of vacuum induction furnace crucible bottom;
5) give the vacuum induction furnace feeding temperature-raising, the control molten steel temperature at 1500～1580 ℃, adds the CaF of 0.2kg then in molten steel
2Weight percentage respectively adds the smart powder 0.0172kg of red oxide of iron more at twice greater than 85% fluorite, and broken sky is skimmed behind refining 3～8min, skims to be controlled at the shortest time and to accomplish;
6) then, add the carbon granules of 0.005kg, close stove evacuation degassing deoxidation again;
7) the aluminum shot circulation 3～5min final vacuum that adds 0.005kg is again poured into a mould down, and broken sky takes off ingot.
Each component weight percent content composition of gained product made from steel is following:
C＝90ppm，Si＝0.025％，P＝0.0023％，O＝0.0022％。
Embodiment 2
Certain steel, its each component weight percent content require to be C≤100ppm, Si≤0.3%, P≤0.025%.
Preparation contains the first dephosphorizing agent of calcium chloride 2%, boric acid 5%, quickened lime 78%, iron scale 15% composition.
1) takes by weighing the 100kg raw scrap material;
2) the 1kg quickened lime is added in the intermediate frequency furnace crucible feel secure, and the 100kg raw scrap material of packing into, feeding temperature-raising to molten steel melts and finishes;
3) take by weighing the said Dephosphorising agent just of 3kg; The compound dephosphorization agent that in molten steel, adds first 1.5kg; Control slag temperature is at 1320～1350 ℃; Add second batch of 1.5kg compound dephosphorization agent after skimming; The control molten steel temperature is treated fully to skim after the reaction at 1320～1350 ℃, makes white slag then; The sampling tapping, the P elements weight percentage is 0.0085% in the mensuration molten steel;
4) change molten steel over to the vacuum oven refining, pack into the in advance 1kg quickened lime bottoming of vacuum induction furnace crucible bottom;
5) give the vacuum induction furnace feeding temperature-raising, the control molten steel temperature at 1520～1550 ℃, adds the CaF of 0.1kg then in molten steel
2Weight percentage respectively adds the smart powder 0.0183kg of red oxide of iron more at twice greater than 85% fluorite, and broken sky is skimmed behind refining 3～8min, skims to be controlled at the shortest time and to accomplish;
6) then, add the carbon granules of 0.01kg, close stove evacuation degassing deoxidation again;
7) the aluminum shot circulation 3～5min final vacuum that adds 0.01kg is again poured into a mould down, and broken sky takes off ingot.
Each component weight percent content composition of gained product made from steel is following:
C＝92ppm，Si＝0.028％，P＝0.0020％，O＝0.0024％。
Embodiment 3
Certain steel, its each component weight percent content require to be C≤100ppm, Si≤0.3%, P≤0.025%.
Preparation contains the first dephosphorizing agent of calcium chloride 6%, boric acid 4%, quickened lime 80%, iron scale 10% composition.
1) takes by weighing the 100kg raw scrap material;
2) the 4kg quickened lime is added in the intermediate frequency furnace crucible feel secure, and the 100kg raw scrap material of packing into, feeding temperature-raising to molten steel melts and finishes;
3) take by weighing the said Dephosphorising agent just of 6kg; The compound dephosphorization agent that in molten steel, adds first 3kg; Control slag temperature is at 1350～1380 ℃; Add second batch of 3kg compound dephosphorization agent after skimming; The control molten steel temperature is treated fully to skim after the reaction at 1350～1380 ℃, makes white slag then; The sampling tapping, the P elements weight percentage is 0.0075% in the mensuration molten steel;
4) change molten steel over to the vacuum oven refining, pack into the in advance 4kg quickened lime bottoming of vacuum induction furnace crucible bottom;
5) give the vacuum induction furnace feeding temperature-raising, the control molten steel temperature at 1500～1530 ℃, adds the CaF of 0.15kg then in molten steel
2Weight percentage respectively adds the smart powder 0.0162kg of red oxide of iron more at twice greater than 85% fluorite, and broken sky is skimmed behind refining 3～8min, skims to be controlled at the shortest time and to accomplish;
6) then, add the carbon granules of 0.008kg, close stove evacuation degassing deoxidation again;
7) the aluminum shot circulation 3～5min final vacuum that adds 0.006kg is again poured into a mould down, and broken sky takes off ingot.
Each component weight percent content composition of gained product made from steel is following:
C＝98ppm，Si＝0.022％，P＝0.0022％，O＝0.0020％。
Embodiment 4
Certain steel, its each component weight percent content require to be C≤100ppm, Si≤0.3%, P≤0.025%.
Preparation contains the first dephosphorizing agent of calcium chloride 2%, boric acid 3%, quickened lime 75%, iron scale 20% composition.
1) takes by weighing the 100kg raw scrap material;
2) the 3kg quickened lime is added in the intermediate frequency furnace crucible feel secure, and the 100kg raw scrap material of packing into, feeding temperature-raising to molten steel melts and finishes;
3) take by weighing the said Dephosphorising agent just of 4kg; The compound dephosphorization agent that in molten steel, adds first 2kg; Control slag temperature is at 1330～1360 ℃; Add second batch of 2kg compound dephosphorization agent after skimming; The control molten steel temperature is treated fully to skim after the reaction at 1330～1360 ℃, makes white slag then; The sampling tapping, the P elements weight percentage is 0.0070% in the mensuration molten steel;
4) change molten steel over to the vacuum oven refining, pack into the in advance 3kg quickened lime bottoming of vacuum induction furnace crucible bottom;
5) give the vacuum induction furnace feeding temperature-raising, the control molten steel temperature at 1530～1550 ℃, adds the CaF of 0.2kg then in molten steel
2Weight percentage respectively adds the smart powder 0.0152kg of red oxide of iron more at twice greater than 85% fluorite, and broken sky is skimmed behind refining 3～8min, skims to be controlled at the shortest time and to accomplish;
6) then, add the carbon granules of 0.006kg, close stove evacuation degassing deoxidation again;
7) the aluminum shot circulation 3～5min final vacuum that adds 0.005kg is again poured into a mould down, and broken sky takes off ingot.
Each component weight percent content composition of gained product made from steel is following:
C＝88ppm，Si＝0.029％，P＝0.0020％，O＝0.0021％。
Embodiment 5
Certain steel, its each component weight percent content require to be C≤100ppm, Si≤0.3%, P≤0.025%.
Preparation contains the first dephosphorizing agent of calcium chloride 5%, boric acid 5%, quickened lime 70%, iron scale 20% composition.
1) takes by weighing the 100kg raw scrap material;
2) the 2kg quickened lime is added in the intermediate frequency furnace crucible feel secure, and the 100kg raw scrap material of packing into, feeding temperature-raising to molten steel melts and finishes;
3) take by weighing the said Dephosphorising agent just of 5kg; The compound dephosphorization agent that in molten steel, adds first 2.5kg; Control slag temperature is at 1330～1360 ℃; Add second batch of 2.5kg compound dephosphorization agent after skimming; The control molten steel temperature is treated fully to skim after the reaction at 1330～1360 ℃, makes white slag then; The sampling tapping, the P elements weight percentage is 0.0065% in the mensuration molten steel;
4) change molten steel over to the vacuum oven refining, pack into the in advance 2kg quickened lime bottoming of vacuum induction furnace crucible bottom;
5) give the vacuum induction furnace feeding temperature-raising, the control molten steel temperature at 1520～1550 ℃, adds the CaF of 0.1kg then in molten steel
2Weight percentage respectively adds the smart powder 0.0141kg of red oxide of iron more at twice greater than 85% fluorite, and broken sky is skimmed behind refining 3～8min, skims to be controlled at the shortest time and to accomplish;
6) then, add the carbon granules of 0.01kg, close stove evacuation degassing deoxidation again;
7) the aluminum shot circulation 3～5min final vacuum that adds 0.005kg is again poured into a mould down, and broken sky takes off ingot.
Each component weight percent content composition of gained product made from steel is following:
C＝98ppm，Si＝0.02％，P＝0.0018％，O＝0.0019％。
Can both reach the effect that phosphorus and total oxygen content all are lower than 25ppm through visible intermediate frequency furnace of the present invention and the duplex dephosphorized method of vacuum induction furnace of adopting of the foregoing description.
Claims (5)
1. intermediate frequency furnace and the duplex dephosphorized method of vacuum induction furnace may further comprise the steps:
1) take by weighing certain raw scrap material, weight is designated as W;
2) quickened lime of 1～4%W is packed in the crucible of intermediate frequency furnace, reinstall raw scrap material, feeding temperature-raising to steel scrap melts and finishes;
3) in molten steel, add the first dephosphorizing agent of 3～6%W; Control slag temperature is at 1320～1380 ℃; Treat to skim after dephosphorization fully and reproduce white slag, take a sample then and measure the weight percentage of phosphorus in the molten steel appearance, count P%; Wherein, the said weight percentage of each component of dephosphorizing agent just is: calcium chloride 2～6%, boric acid 1～5%, quickened lime 70～80%, iron scale 10～20%;
4) molten steel is changed in the vacuum induction furnace crucible over to pack into the in advance quickened lime of 1～4%W of crucible bottom;
5) give the vacuum induction furnace feeding temperature-raising; Molten steel temperature is controlled at 1500～1580 ℃; In molten steel, add fluorite and the smart powder refining of red oxide of iron 3～8min, broken again sky is skimmed, wherein; Add fluorite weight control be 0.1～0.2%W, add the smart powder of red oxide of iron weight control be 4.3 * P%W;
6) then, in molten steel, add the carbon granules of 0.005～0.01%W, close stove evacuation degassing deoxidation;
7) in molten steel, add the aluminum shot of 0.005～0.01%W again, circulation 3～5min pours into a mould under vacuum.
2. intermediate frequency furnace according to claim 1 and the duplex dephosphorized method of vacuum induction furnace is characterized in that: the said dephosphorizing agent weight just that adds in the step 3) is 5%W.
3. intermediate frequency furnace according to claim 1 and 2 and the duplex dephosphorized method of vacuum induction furnace; It is characterized in that: the first dephosphorizing agent described in the step 3) on average is added in the molten steel in two batches; To be added first skimmed after just dephosphorizing agent fully reacts, add second batch again at the beginning of dephosphorizing agent.
4. intermediate frequency furnace according to claim 1 and 2 and the duplex dephosphorized method of vacuum induction furnace is characterized in that: CaF2 weight percentage >=85% in the fluorite that step 5) added.
5. intermediate frequency furnace according to claim 3 and the duplex dephosphorized method of vacuum induction furnace is characterized in that: CaF2 weight percentage >=85% in the fluorite that step 5) added.
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| CN103333993B (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2015-03-18 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | Dephosphorizing method of vacuum induction furnace |
| CN105543447A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-05-04 | 江苏苏南重工机械科技有限公司 | In-furnace dephosphorizing method for intermediate frequency furnace |
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| IT1163405B (en) * | 1982-05-28 | 1987-04-08 | Sumitomo Metal Ind | PRODUCTION OF STEEL WITH ULTRA-LOW PHOSPHORUS CONTENT |
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