CN102184672B - Digital vortex multi-connected air conditioner refrigerating system teaching training station - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种数码涡旋多联空调机制冷***教学训练台，由数码涡旋多联空调机组和制冷***操控训练台组成，数码涡旋多联空调机组包括制冷***、电控***，制冷***由数码涡旋压缩机、定频压缩机、主四通阀、辅助四通阀、各类控制电磁阀、冷凝器、节流部件、多联室内机组组成，电控***包括传感器、主控板、数码涡旋控制器和多个电器执行机构，在所述制冷***操控训练台的正面印制有制冷***管路结构示意图。在制冷***操控训练台的正面安装有显示实时参数值的热力参数仪表和电量参数仪表。通过仿真及真实运行两种模式，实现运行机理学习、信号测量、故障设置及诊断、信号采集并实时演示、性能跟踪研究等综合学习训练和实验等设计功能。
The invention discloses a digital scroll multi-connected air conditioner refrigeration system teaching and training platform, which is composed of a digital scroll multi-connected air-conditioning unit and a refrigeration system control training platform. The digital scroll multi-connected air-conditioning unit includes a refrigeration system and an electric control system. The refrigeration system consists of a digital scroll compressor, a fixed frequency compressor, a main four-way valve, an auxiliary four-way valve, various control solenoid valves, a condenser, throttling components, and multiple indoor units. The electric control system includes sensors, main Control panel, digital scroll controller and multiple electrical actuators, on the front of the refrigeration system control training platform, there is a schematic diagram of the refrigeration system pipeline structure printed. On the front of the refrigeration system control training platform, a thermodynamic parameter instrument and an electric quantity parameter instrument displaying real-time parameter values are installed. Through two modes of simulation and real operation, design functions such as operation mechanism learning, signal measurement, fault setting and diagnosis, signal acquisition and real-time demonstration, performance tracking research and other comprehensive learning training and experiments are realized.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及教学用具领域，更具体地说，涉及一种数码涡旋多联空调机制冷***教学训练台。The invention relates to the field of teaching appliances, and more specifically relates to a digital scroll multi-connected air conditioner refrigeration system teaching and training platform.
背景技术 Background technique
涡旋多联空调机使用数码控制技术，因其能量调节范围宽和回油优越而被广泛的使用。涡旋压缩机核心部件是由两个形状相同但角相位置相对错开180°的渐开线涡旋卷体（动静涡盘），形成多个月牙形气腔。当其中一个卷体绕另一卷体旋转时，月牙形气腔的形状大小一直在变化，其密闭容积便逐渐被转移向固定卷体的中心且不断缩小，气体被不断压缩而压力升高。数码涡旋压缩机则利用涡旋压缩机的轴向柔性技术，动静涡盘能沿轴向脱离分开一段距离实现加载与卸载，即数码 0和 1 的转变，当动静涡盘处于密封状态时，压缩机 100％运行；当动静涡盘轴向脱离时，压缩机吸－排气腔导通，压缩腔内无压缩，即压缩机电机虽然运转，但压缩机不作功。通过组合 0 和 1状态的时间，即可实现任意比例的能力输出。数码涡旋压缩机是一种独特的压缩机，它回油性能相当优越，数码涡旋压缩机靠外接电磁阀的开闭控制压缩机的卸负载，在卸载周期内，***内制冷剂流速几乎为零，离开压缩机的油很少；在负载周期内，***内制冷剂流速接近满负荷流速，足以使管路内的油回到压缩机。但是，由于数码压缩机的周期卸/负载特性，数码空调机组在运行的大部分区间里，各项主要参数如高压、低压、排气温度等都呈现周期性波动，给数码机组的稳定运行增添了一定的难度，因而，压缩机与制冷***的匹配要求与其它压缩机***的要求有所不同。数码控制技术相对复杂，目前数码涡旋多联空调机维修技术掌握跟不上、大部分的技术服务人员缺乏核心技能的掌握，其隐蔽的故障无法排除，导致制冷/热效果变差。而企业对性能下降也缺乏***研究。鉴于数码涡旋空调***构造复杂，技术服务人员学习其工作原理和准确故障判断的技巧具有相当难度，而目前还没有专门的教学用具来解决该困难。The scroll multi-connected air conditioner uses digital control technology and is widely used because of its wide energy adjustment range and superior oil return. The core component of the scroll compressor is composed of two involute scroll wraps (moving and static scrolls) with the same shape but staggered by 180° relative to each other, forming multiple crescent-shaped air cavities. When one of the rolls rotates around the other, the shape and size of the crescent-shaped air cavity is constantly changing, and its closed volume is gradually transferred to the center of the fixed roll and shrinks continuously, and the gas is continuously compressed and the pressure rises. The digital scroll compressor uses the axial flexibility technology of the scroll compressor. The moving and static scrolls can be separated by a certain distance in the axial direction to realize loading and unloading, that is, the transformation of digital 0 and 1. When the moving and static scrolls are in a sealed state, The compressor runs 100%; when the movable and static scrolls are axially separated, the suction-discharge chamber of the compressor is connected, and there is no compression in the compression chamber, that is, the compressor motor runs, but the compressor does not work. By combining the time of 0 and 1 state, the ability output of any proportion can be realized. The digital scroll compressor is a unique compressor with excellent oil return performance. The digital scroll compressor relies on the opening and closing of the external solenoid valve to control the unloading of the compressor. During the unloading cycle, the refrigerant flow rate in the system is almost is zero, there is very little oil leaving the compressor; during the load cycle, the refrigerant flow rate in the system is close to the full load flow rate, which is enough to make the oil in the pipeline return to the compressor. However, due to the periodic unloading/loading characteristics of the digital compressor, in most of the operating range of the digital air conditioning unit, the main parameters such as high pressure, low pressure, and exhaust temperature fluctuate periodically, which adds to the stable operation of the digital air conditioning unit. Therefore, the matching requirements of the compressor and the refrigeration system are different from those of other compressor systems. The digital control technology is relatively complicated. At present, the maintenance technology of digital scroll multi-unit air conditioners cannot keep up with it. Most of the technical service personnel lack the mastery of core skills. The hidden faults cannot be eliminated, resulting in poor cooling/heating effects. Enterprises also lack systematic research on performance degradation. In view of the complex structure of the digital scroll air-conditioning system, it is quite difficult for technical service personnel to learn its working principle and accurate fault diagnosis skills, and there is no special teaching tool to solve this difficulty.
2007年10月24日公开了中国实用新型专利CN200620074785.8（名称为制冷空调多功能试验平台），该多功能制冷空调试验***由制冷***，空气处理***和控制柜组成。控制柜由制冷***，空气处理***的各用电器件的空气开关，交流接触器，控制中间继电器，控制用高精度调节器，执行器，测量仪表，数据采集器，动态模拟显示低压电路，数据采集和控制用计算机等构成。可以完成如制冷压缩机性能测试，冷水机组性能测试，水—水换热器传热，阻力性能测试等多种教学试验，是一种综合试验平台。但该试验平台主要针对实验室试验研究方面的需求而开发的，它用于各种工况下定量的分析设备和制冷***的情况，分析参数对设备和***运行情况的影响。而对于数码涡旋空调多联机的工作原理教学和常见故障的检测和维修知识的教授，则缺乏直观性和演示功能，而且该试验台需要增加各种控制调节仪器设备、数据采集计算机，需要投入大量资金，不能满足专业教学实践的需要。On October 24, 2007, the Chinese utility model patent CN200620074785.8 (named as refrigeration and air conditioning multifunctional test platform) was published. The multifunctional refrigeration and air conditioning test system consists of a refrigeration system, an air handling system and a control cabinet. The control cabinet consists of refrigeration system, air switch, AC contactor, control intermediate relay, high-precision regulator for control, actuator, measuring instrument, data collector, dynamic analog display low-voltage circuit, data Acquisition and control are composed of computers and the like. It can complete various teaching experiments such as refrigeration compressor performance test, chiller performance test, water-water heat exchanger heat transfer, resistance performance test, etc. It is a comprehensive test platform. However, this test platform is mainly developed for the needs of laboratory test research. It is used to quantitatively analyze the conditions of equipment and refrigeration systems under various working conditions, and analyze the influence of parameters on the operation of equipment and systems. However, for the teaching of the working principle of the digital scroll air conditioner and the detection and maintenance of common faults, it lacks intuition and demonstration functions, and the test bench needs to add various control and adjustment equipment, data acquisition computers, and requires investment. A large amount of funds cannot meet the needs of professional teaching practice.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明针对现有技术的不足，提供一种用于数码涡旋多联空调机组制冷原理教学及维修技能综合训练的教学训练台，可实现直观式运行机理学习、运行参数监控、运行状态指示、实时演示、性能跟踪研究等系列训练和实验设计功能，以解决上述现有技术存在的问题。Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a teaching and training platform for digital vortex multi-connected air-conditioning unit refrigeration principle teaching and comprehensive training of maintenance skills, which can realize intuitive operation mechanism learning, operation parameter monitoring, operation status indication, A series of training and experimental design functions such as real-time demonstration, performance tracking research, etc., to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned existing technologies.
本发明采用的技术方案是：一种数码涡旋多联空调机制冷***教学训练台，由数码涡旋多联空调机组和制冷***操控训练台组成，数码涡旋多联空调机组包括制冷***、电控***，制冷***由数码涡旋压缩机、定频压缩机、主四通阀、辅助四通阀、各类控制电磁阀、冷凝器、节流部件、多联室内机组组成，电控***包括传感器、主控板、数码涡旋控制器和多个电器执行机构，在所述制冷***操控训练台的正面印制有制冷***管路结构示意图，在制冷***操控训练台的正面安装有显示实时参数值的热力参数仪表和电量参数仪表；在所述制冷***操控训练台设置运行模式转换开关，包括联机真实运行模式和脱机仿真运行模式，在制冷***操控训练台上还设有可调的参数模拟器；在联机真实运行模式下，数码涡旋多联空调机组的传感器与主控板输入端口连接，操控训练台控制主机运行；在脱机仿真运行模式，参数模拟器与主控板输入端口连接，且主控板控制的输出端口断开与数码涡旋多联空调机组电器执行机构的连接，并与电器执行机构指示灯连接。The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a digital scroll multi-connected air conditioner refrigeration system teaching training platform, which is composed of a digital scroll multi-connected air-conditioning unit and a refrigeration system control training platform. The digital scroll multi-connected air-conditioning unit includes a refrigeration system, Electric control system, refrigeration system is composed of digital scroll compressor, fixed frequency compressor, main four-way valve, auxiliary four-way valve, various control solenoid valves, condenser, throttling parts, multi-connected indoor unit, electric control system It includes a sensor, a main control board, a digital scroll controller and multiple electrical actuators. On the front of the refrigeration system control training platform, a schematic diagram of the refrigeration system pipeline structure is printed, and a display is installed on the front of the refrigeration system control training platform. The thermal parameter instrument and the electric quantity parameter instrument of real-time parameter value; The operating mode conversion switch is set on the refrigeration system control training platform, including the online real operation mode and the offline simulation operation mode, and an adjustable In the online real operation mode, the sensor of the digital scroll multi-connected air-conditioning unit is connected to the input port of the main control board, and the training platform is controlled to control the operation of the host computer; in the offline simulation operation mode, the parameter simulator and the main control board The input port is connected, and the output port controlled by the main control board is disconnected from the electrical actuator of the digital scroll multi-connected air conditioner unit, and connected to the indicator light of the electrical actuator.
上述的数码涡旋多联空调机制冷***教学训练台，：在所述制冷***操控训练台设置多个电器执行机构的故障设置开关，所述故障设置开关与相应的电器执行机构连接。In the teaching and training platform for the refrigeration system of digital scroll multi-connected air conditioners, a plurality of fault setting switches of electrical actuators are arranged on the refrigeration system control training platform, and the fault setting switches are connected with corresponding electrical actuators.
上述的数码涡旋多联空调机制冷***教学训练台，在所述制冷***操控训练台正面的制冷***管路结构示意图上的多个电器执行机构旁设有电信号测量点，所述电信号测量点由空调机组上相应的电器执行机构电路上引出。In the above-mentioned digital scroll multi-connected air conditioner refrigeration system teaching and training platform, there are electrical signal measurement points next to a plurality of electrical actuators on the refrigeration system pipeline structure schematic diagram on the front of the refrigeration system control training platform, and the electrical signal The measurement point is drawn from the corresponding electrical actuator circuit on the air conditioning unit.
上述的数码涡旋多联空调机制冷***教学训练台，所述制冷***操控训练台上设有反映制冷剂负荷调节的电子膨胀阀开度演示装置。In the digital scroll multi-connected air conditioner refrigeration system teaching and training platform described above, the refrigeration system control training platform is equipped with an electronic expansion valve opening demonstration device reflecting the refrigerant load adjustment.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1）本发明的数码涡旋多联空调机制冷***教学训练台以非常直观的方式展示了制冷原理及流程，管道***连接结构与控制特点，为工程技术人员和售后服务人员提供了良好的数码涡旋多联空调机组技术综合学习和训练手段，并可以对数码涡旋多联空调机组的性能进行实验跟踪研究。1) The digital scroll multi-connected air conditioner refrigeration system teaching and training platform of the present invention displays the refrigeration principle and process, the connection structure and control characteristics of the pipeline system in a very intuitive way, and provides good digital information for engineering and technical personnel and after-sales service personnel. Vortex multi-connected air-conditioning unit technology comprehensive learning and training means, and can conduct experimental tracking research on the performance of digital scroll multi-connected air-conditioning unit.
2）该教学训练台还可实现联机和仿真两种运行模式切换、状态参数与电参数显示及检测、故障设置等功能，教学训练台信号演示精确，故障设置、信号测量、运行指示均符合各项设计要求，达到了对制冷***、管道控制上的多类电磁阀、电子膨胀阀开度实时演示负荷、内外机连接方式等方面进行训练学习的设计要求，并可以对整机性能数据进行研究分析。2) The teaching and training platform can also realize the switching between online and simulation operation modes, the display and detection of status parameters and electrical parameters, and fault setting. It meets the design requirements for training and learning on the refrigeration system, multi-type solenoid valves on pipeline control, real-time demonstration load of electronic expansion valve opening, connection mode of internal and external units, etc., and can conduct research on the performance data of the whole machine analyze.
3）本教学训练台结构简单、原理直观，特别适用于针对一般理工科学生而进行的实验教学。3) The teaching and training platform has simple structure and intuitive principle, and is especially suitable for experimental teaching for general science and engineering students.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明的数码涡旋多联空调机制冷***教学训练台连接示意图；Fig. 1 is the connection schematic diagram of the digital scroll multi-connected air conditioner refrigeration system teaching and training platform of the present invention;
图2是图1所示的制冷***操控训练台结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the refrigeration system control training platform shown in Fig. 1;
图3是图2所示的制冷***操控训练台制冷***管路结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the refrigeration system pipeline of the refrigeration system control training platform shown in Fig. 2;
图4与图1所示的电控训练台印制示意图。Figure 4 and the printed schematic diagram of the electric control training platform shown in Figure 1 .
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.
如图1--4所示，数码涡旋多联空调机制冷***教学训练台由数码涡旋多联空调机组（也称主机1）与制冷***操控训练台2组成，并与电控训练台3相连接。在主机内安装数码涡旋压缩机、定频压缩机、主四通阀、辅助四通阀、冷凝器、节流部件、多联室内机组，电控***的传感器和各个电器执行机构安装在主机1上，电控***的主控板、及部分电气元件（变压器、风机电容、继电器、交流接触器等电气元件）安装在电控训练台3上。在制冷***操控训练台2的正面印制有制冷***管路结构示意图11，并在制冷***操控训练台的正面安装有三相电流表、220V电源电流表、三相电源电压表、220V电源电压表、室外机管温表、室外环境温度表、室内温度表、定频压机排气管温表、数码涡旋压机排气管温表、室内蒸发器出口温度表、室内蒸发器中部温度表，以及显示制冷***压力值的压缩机排气压力表、高压压力表、低压压力表等。上述的仪表安装在仪表区12内并均显示实时参数值的热力参数仪表和电量参数仪表。As shown in Figures 1-4, the digital scroll multi-unit air conditioner refrigeration system teaching training platform is composed of a digital scroll multi-unit air conditioner unit (also called the host 1) and a refrigeration system control training platform 2, and is connected with the electric control training platform 3-phase connection. Install digital scroll compressors, fixed-frequency compressors, main four-way valves, auxiliary four-way valves, condensers, throttling components, and multi-connected indoor units in the main engine. Sensors of the electronic control system and various electrical actuators are installed in the main engine. 1, the main control board of the electric control system and some electrical components (transformers, fan capacitors, relays, AC contactors and other electrical components) are installed on the electric control training platform 3. The front of the refrigeration system control training platform 2 is printed with a schematic diagram of the refrigeration
如图2所示，在制冷***操控训练台2的正面上，还设有设障区13、真实与仿真运行模式转换操作区15、模拟参数设置区14。在模式转换操作区15内设有设置运行模式转换开关，在模拟参数设置区14内设置可人工调整参数值的参数模拟器，在真实运行模式，主机1内的传感器与电控训练台3上的主控板输入端口连接；当运行模式转换开关在仿真运行模式状态时，参数模拟器与主控板输入端口连接，且主控板的输出端口断开与主机1内的电器执行机构的连接。模拟设置的参数包括：室外环境温度、室外机管温、室内环境温度、数码涡旋压机排气温度、定频压机排气温度、室内蒸发器中部管温等。在模拟工作状态下，操控训练台的各执行机构工作状态显示灯连接电路板的输出端口，电路板处理模拟信号并输出控制信号给各执行机构工作状态显示灯，由显示灯表示在模拟状态下，执行机构的工作状态。为了加强空调机组故障排查的训练，在制冷***操控训练台2设置多个电器执行机构的故障设置开关，并设有关键的电器执行机构的电信号测量点16。故障设置开关与需要设障的电器执行机构联接，设障开关包括“闭合”、“断开”两种状态。电信号测量点由空调机组上相应的电器执行机构电路上引出，电信号测量点设在制冷***管路结构示意图上的图示的电器执行机构旁。例如，当打开辅助四通阀ST2的故障设置开关时，辅助四通阀ST2断电，制冷剂的流向不能选择，且不能检测到辅助四通阀ST2的电信号值，学生通过故障设置的训练，可迅速提高现场处理问题的能力。As shown in FIG. 2 , on the front of the refrigeration system control training platform 2 , there are also an
如图3所示，本发明的数码涡旋多联空调机组制冷***的制冷工作过程如下：定频/数码涡旋压缩机排气→主四通阀ST1→辅助四通阀ST2（可供选择流向两个冷凝器）→冷凝器→单向阀→电子膨胀阀→消音器→储液管→分歧管→多联室内机组→节流部件→蒸发器→低压球阀→主四通阀ST1→压缩机；当***制热时，主四通阀ST1改变管道流向，使从压缩机出来的高温制冷剂先流向多联室内机组，再经过节流、在室外冷凝器内蒸发、回到压缩机。As shown in Figure 3, the refrigeration working process of the refrigeration system of the digital scroll multi-connected air conditioner unit of the present invention is as follows: constant frequency/digital scroll compressor exhaust → main four-way valve ST1 → auxiliary four-way valve ST2 (optional flow to two condensers)→condenser→one-way valve→electronic expansion valve→muffler→liquid storage pipe→branch pipe→multi-connected indoor unit→throttle part→evaporator→low pressure ball valve→main four-way valve ST1→compression When the system is heating, the main four-way valve ST1 changes the flow direction of the pipeline, so that the high-temperature refrigerant from the compressor flows to the multi-connected indoor unit first, then throttling, evaporates in the outdoor condenser, and returns to the compressor.
如图4，在电控训练台3的正面上印制室外机主控板31、室内机主控板32、风机电容等电控元件的连接接线图，并在相应的位置上安装上述的电气元件，在训练台正面的右侧设置示波器33，在训练台正面左下角设置执行机构状态显示区34，在该区域内装有数码涡旋压缩机、定频压缩机、多个电磁阀、主四通阀、辅助四通阀等多个关键部件的工作状态显示灯，使各部件的实时运行状态一目了然。As shown in Figure 4, on the front of the electric control training platform 3, the connection wiring diagrams of the outdoor unit
本发明针对数码涡旋多联空调机组的制冷***原理的教学，通过绘制***管路控制与连接走向的路线图，使学生直观认识制冷和制热工作状态的制冷剂走向，从而让学生自行通过学习实践进行读取和判断，培养学生的动手能力，提升技能，熟悉了设备结构。本发明的教学训练台可以在制冷***操控训练台上进行仿真操作、远程控制真实运行两种模式，并实现信号测量、故障设置、负荷调节实时演示、等***综合学习、训练和实验设计功能，还可利用本训练台对数码涡旋多联空调机组的工作原理和电控原理进行深入的研究，功能强大，实用性强。The present invention is aimed at the teaching of the principles of the refrigeration system of the digital scroll multi-connected air-conditioning unit. By drawing the road map of the system pipeline control and connection direction, the students can intuitively understand the direction of the refrigerant in the working state of refrigeration and heating, so that the students can pass through Learning practice to read and judge, cultivate students' hands-on ability, improve skills, and become familiar with the equipment structure. The teaching training platform of the present invention can perform two modes of simulation operation and remote control real operation on the refrigeration system control training platform, and realize signal measurement, fault setting, real-time demonstration of load adjustment, and other system comprehensive learning, training and experimental design functions. You can also use this training platform to conduct in-depth research on the working principle and electric control principle of the digital scroll multi-connected air-conditioning unit, which has powerful functions and strong practicability.
作为另一种简单化的实施方式，当仅作制冷***教学使用时，在上述实施例的基础上，将显示制冷***结构的制冷***操控训练台直接与主机连接，而将电控训练台的主控板、部分电气元件（变压器、风机电容、继电器、交流接触器等电气元件）放回到主机内，从而减少***的接线，节省训练台的占用空间，减少设备成本。As another simplified implementation mode, when it is only used for refrigeration system teaching, on the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments, the refrigeration system control training platform showing the refrigeration system structure is directly connected to the host computer, and the electronic control training platform The main control board and some electrical components (transformers, fan capacitors, relays, AC contactors and other electrical components) are put back into the host, thereby reducing the wiring of the system, saving the space occupied by the training platform, and reducing equipment costs.
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| CN103854529A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2014-06-11 | 南京化工职业技术学院 | Practical training device for installation and maintenance of instrument and control system |
| CN103594019B (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2017-02-08 | 丹华海洋工程装备(上海)有限公司 | Marine air-conditioner intelligent control teaching system control method |
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| CN201207246Y (en) * | 2008-05-16 | 2009-03-11 | 淄博职业学院 | Air-conditioner training device |
| CN102194364A (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2011-09-21 | 顺德职业技术学院 | Teaching training table for alternating-current variable-frequency multi-unit air conditioning unit |
| CN202075912U (en) * | 2011-05-29 | 2011-12-14 | 顺德职业技术学院 | Instructional training platform for refrigerating system of digital vortex multi-gang air conditioner |
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| CN102194364A (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2011-09-21 | 顺德职业技术学院 | Teaching training table for alternating-current variable-frequency multi-unit air conditioning unit |
| CN202075912U (en) * | 2011-05-29 | 2011-12-14 | 顺德职业技术学院 | Instructional training platform for refrigerating system of digital vortex multi-gang air conditioner |
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