CN101970195B - 塑料容器的预成型件和预成型件固定器 - Google Patents

塑料容器的预成型件和预成型件固定器 Download PDF

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CN101970195B
CN101970195B CN200880126204.2A CN200880126204A CN101970195B CN 101970195 B CN101970195 B CN 101970195B CN 200880126204 A CN200880126204 A CN 200880126204A CN 101970195 B CN101970195 B CN 101970195B
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CN101970195A (zh
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博古米特·米乌科夫斯基
达留什·莱万多夫斯基
安杰伊·托博罗维兹
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
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    • B29B11/14—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/071—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration, e.g. geometry, dimensions or physical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2949/074—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration having ribs or protrusions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2949/076—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration characterised by the shape
    • B29C2949/0768—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration characterised by the shape characterised by the shape of specific parts of preform
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2949/0811—Wall thickness
    • B29C2949/0813—Wall thickness of the neck
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C2949/22—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer at neck portion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/20—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer
    • B29C2949/24—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer at flange portion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/20—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer
    • B29C2949/26—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer at body portion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
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    • B29C2949/28—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer at bottom portion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/30—Preforms or parisons made of several components
    • B29C2949/3024—Preforms or parisons made of several components characterised by the number of components or by the manufacturing technique
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/4205—Handling means, e.g. transfer, loading or discharging means
    • B29C49/42073—Grippers
    • B29C49/42075—Grippers with pivoting clamps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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    • B29C49/42073—Grippers
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种罐(特别是增压饮料用的罐)式塑料容器的预成型件和容器生产过程中的预成型件固定器。预成型件(10)由具有颈(3)的主体(1)组成，颈的末端为一薄的外凸缘(4)。一支撑凸缘(6)形成在颈的内壁(3a)上，而颈的外表面(3b)是平坦的。预成型件固定器包括设有多个凹口(13)的主体(11)。所述多个凹口容纳可移动锚定的多个卡扣(14)，所述多个卡扣通过一弹性夹紧环(15)夹紧在主体(11)上。每个卡扣(14)的一端具有一齿(16)，该齿延伸越过座(17)，预成型件(10)的薄的外凸缘(4)容纳在座(17)内。座(17)的内侧壁有一切出凹槽(19)，凹槽(19)容纳预成型件(10)的支撑凸缘(6)。

Description

塑料容器的预成型件和预成型件固定器
技术领域
本发明涉及塑料容器特别是用于增压饮料的罐的预成型件和容器加工过程的预成型件固定器。
背景技术
容器加工过程中，预成型件夹持在特定的拾取头上的吹塑机里，锁定在吹制模具中的合适位置并紧密封。
WO2005049434公开了一种塑料容器的预成型件，包括带有凸起的半球形底部的主体，其中，该主体的锥形开口向上形成圆柱颈，圆柱颈端部为一向外延伸的凸缘，凸缘的末端是轮廓圆。凸缘厚度小于0.3mm，这对于成品容器的金属盖的良好接缝是必须的。
EP0482652公开了一种圆柱形预成型件，其端部为一向外延伸的凸缘，凸缘厚度超过0.3mm，还公开了由这种预成型件来制造容器的方法。在这种方法中，容器成形过程，通过锁定在吹制模具座内的外凸缘将预成型件锁定在吹制模具的合适的位置并紧密封。该方法仅适合带有凸缘的预成型件，凸缘具有很大厚度，在预成型件吹制过程中，无法在影响其的外力下变形。
公开的通过锁定外凸缘将预成型件锁定和紧密封在吹制模具中的方法不适于带有厚度小于0.3mm的薄的外凸缘的预成型件。在吹制过程中，这种薄的凸缘无法抵抗足够影响预成型件的力，因此，凸缘会变形或损坏。带有损坏或变形凸缘的容器会被丢弃。
WO0238353公开了带有夹紧部件的预成型件拾取头，一弹簧部件作用在夹紧部件上，导致夹紧部件压靠预成型件内表面上。在这种方式中，当吹塑机传输时，预成型件支撑在希望的位置。
拾取头紧适于在吹塑机中传输预成型件，因为在容器成形过程中，在吹制模具中没有任何密封和保持预成型件的部件。
发明内容
本发明解决了在将预成型件吹制成罐形容器的过程中保护预成型件的薄的外凸缘的问题，一旦装填，罐形容器在给金属罐加盖的传统机器上缝合凸缘和金属盖的过程中是密封的。
通过改进预成型件颈的内壁和设计预成型件固定器已经解决了这个问题，从而保证预成型件在吹塑机中的传输中保持适当的位置，并在预成型件形成容器的过程中锁定在合适的位置并紧密密封。
根据本发明，预成型件由锥形主体构成，该主体具有一凸形底部，且在另一端直接并入圆柱颈，圆柱颈的末端为从主体向外延伸的薄的外凸缘，其特征在于，一支撑凸缘形成在顶部边缘下方的颈的内壁上，而颈的外壁保持平坦。
优选的，所述支撑凸缘形成在顶部边缘下方至少1.5mm处。
另外，在第一支撑凸缘下方，另一支撑凸缘或多个其它支撑凸缘在预成型件颈的内壁上形成底部(bottom-wise)。
根据本发明的变体一，装配有弹性夹紧部件的预成型件固定器的特征在于，其具有一主体，该主体具有一轴向延伸的空气管道，空气通过所述空气管道吹入预成型件内，主体的外侧壁设有多个凹口，所述多个凹口容纳可移动锚定的(mobile-anchored)多个卡扣，所述多个卡扣通过一弹性夹紧环紧紧地保持在主体上的合适位置，每个卡扣的一端具有一齿，该齿越过固定器前壁中的座，预成型件的薄的外凸缘容纳在座内，齿底部与座之间形成一缝隙，凸缘的边缘滑入所述缝隙内，座的内侧壁上具有一切出的凹槽，以容纳预成型件的配合支撑凸缘。在预成型件具有两个或多个支撑凸缘的情况下，座的侧壁具有多个相应切成的凹槽来容纳预成型件的支撑凸缘。
弹性夹紧环优选由橡胶制成。
优选的，弹性夹紧环安装在卡扣的大约一半高度处。
优选的，弹性夹紧环安装在卡扣和/或主体侧壁内形成的凹槽内。
为了减小齿从关闭位置偏转的最大角度，夹紧环下方的卡扣的下部朝着主体弯曲，或者一个间隔元件形成在弹性夹紧环下方、卡扣的内侧壁上和/或主体的侧壁上。
根据发明的变体二，预成型件固定器的特征在于，主体具有一轴向延伸的空气管道，空气通过该空气管道吹入预成型件内，一可滑动的夹紧衬套是嵌入的且配有锁定预成型件的弹性环，弹性环与主体和具备一个或多个支撑凸缘的预成型件颈的内壁配合。夹紧衬套服从于一弹簧的作用，所述弹簧与安装在主体内的一活塞配合。活塞受到促使夹紧衬套滑动的力的作用，其结果使得锁定在固定器上的预成型件释放。
活塞受到通过固定器主体中的一开口压入的压缩空气的压力；可替换地，活塞通过使用一销移动，该销在活塞上施加轴向力。
预成型件锁环优选由橡胶制成。
支撑凸缘位于预成型件颈边缘的下方不妨碍成品容器的薄的外凸缘与金属盖在传统的金属罐包装线上缝合。合适位置的一个或多个附加的支撑凸缘使预成型件更好地锁定和密封在吹制模具中，在其形成容器时，易于出现增加的压力。
根据本发明，预成型件固定器防止预成型件的错位，保证其在吹塑机中的传输中保持在合适位置；在预成型件吹制过程，由于预成型件的支撑凸缘锁定在固定器主体内形成的凹槽内，臂确保预成型件在正当地锁定在合适位置并紧密密封在吹制模具中。
本发明使得制造塑料罐形容器成为可能，该塑料罐形容器具有光滑的外壁和薄的外凸缘，该外凸缘在与金属盖缝合时紧密地密封。
附图说明
现在通过示例并参考附图说明本发明，其中：
图1所示为已经成为罐的预成型件的轴向剖视图；
图2所示为预成型件颈和支撑凸缘的轴向剖视图；
图3所示为具有两个支撑凸缘的预成型件颈的轴向剖视图；
图4所示为具有缝合盖的容器颈的剖视图；
图5所示为保持着预成型件的预成型件固定器的轴向剖视图；
图6所示为安装在预成型件固定器上闭合位置的卡扣，带有轴向显示的预成型件的局部；
图7所示为安装在预成型件固定器上开启位置的卡扣，带有轴向显示的预成型件的局部；
图8所示为图6和7中所示的卡扣的轴侧视图；
图9所示为图6-8中所述的安装在预成型件固定器上的卡扣的局部；
图10所示为从上方看的带有预成型件的预成型件固定器，卡扣处于闭合位置；
图11所示为安装在预成型件固定器上的卡扣的局部，其中，间隔元件形成在卡扣表面上；
图12所示为安装在预成型件固定器上的卡扣的局部，其中，间隔元件形成在固定器主体的表面上；
图13所示为保持着预成型件的预成型件固定器的轴向剖视图，在该变体中带有驱动活塞下方压缩空气的空气管道；
图14所示为保持着预成型件的预成型件固定器的轴向剖视图，在该变体中带有操作活塞的销；
图15所示为从上方看的带有预成型件的预成型件固定器；
图16所示为保持着预成型件的预成型件固定器的局部的轴向剖视图；
图17所示为保持着带有附加的支撑凸缘的预成型件固定器的局部的轴向剖视图；
图18所示为保持着没有外凸缘的预成型件的预成型件固定器的局部的轴向剖视图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，本发明的预成型件10由带有凸形底部2的圆锥形主体1组成。在底部2的对面，主体1直接并入圆柱形颈3，其内壁3a在顶部边缘5下方大约3mm处有一支撑凸缘6，而颈的外壁3b是平的。如图2所示，圆柱形颈3的末端为一薄的厚度小于0.3mm的外凸缘4，外凸缘4基本垂直于侧壁向外延伸。
在如图3所示的另一个版本中，预成型件具有在颈的内壁3a上的一附加的支撑凸缘，在支撑凸缘6的下方形成底部(bottom-wise)。
直接并入圆柱形颈3的圆锥形预成型件对于获得薄的、具有有利的力参数的外凸缘4是最理想的，在成品罐8中，外凸缘4与金属盖9缝合，如图4所示。
根据本发明的变体一，预成型件固定器由主体11构成，主体11上带有一轴向延伸的空气管道，通过该空气管道12，将空气吹入预成型件10。主体11的外侧壁设有多个凹口13，所述多个凹口13容纳可移动锚定(mobile-anchored)的多个卡扣14，所述多个卡扣14通过一个弹性夹紧环15夹紧在主体11上。夹紧环15安装在卡扣14和主体11的侧壁的大约一半高度处形成的凹槽20内。
安置预成型件10的薄的外凸缘4的座17形成在主体11的前壁上。每个卡扣14的一端具有一个齿16，该齿16越过座17在齿底部16与座17之间形成缝隙18，当传送到吹塑机时，将预成型件10的薄的外凸缘4***缝隙18处来防止其错位。座17的内侧壁上切有凹槽19，以安装预成型件10的支撑凸缘6。在吹制过程，模具将预成型件10的壁3b绕着支撑凸缘6压到固定器的主体11来防止预成型件10的任何不希望有的错位。在容器8已经成形并被输送到指定位置后，作用在卡扣14的位于弹性夹紧环15下方的侧壁上的、朝向主体11的侧壁的压力致使卡扣14释放。这使得齿16从主体11的表面偏转，结果，由预成型件10形成的容器8的薄的外凸缘4被释放，容器8可以从固定器上取下。
为了减小齿16从关闭位置偏转的最大角度，卡扣14的下部朝着主体11的侧壁弯曲，如图6至9所示。在如图11所示的另一个实施例中，一个间隔元件21形成在弹性夹紧环15下方的卡扣14的内侧壁上。而在如图12所示另一个版本中，设想间隔元件21成形在主体11的外侧壁上。
在预成型件配有一个附加的支撑凸缘7的情况下，座17的内侧壁具有一个附加的凹槽，切出该附加的凹槽以容纳预成型件10的附加的支撑凸缘7。在预成型件配有几个附加的支撑凸缘的情况下，座17的内侧壁也将切有几个凹槽，以适当地保持预成型件的附加的支撑凸缘。
根据图13所示的本发明的变体二，预成型件固定器具有一主体30，该主体30带有一嵌入的、可滑动的夹紧衬套31，衬套31配有弹性锁环32，弹性锁环32与主体和带有一支撑凸缘6的预成型件颈的内壁3a配合。夹紧衬套31服从于弹簧33的作用，弹簧33与安装在主体内的活塞34配合。活塞34受到推入主体30上的开口35内的压缩空气的压力，引起夹紧衬套31滑动并释放锁定在固定器上的预成型件。固定器具有一轴向延伸的空气管道36，通过该空气管道提供吹向预成型件的空气。
在如图14所示的另一实施例中，活塞34的移动通过销37在活塞34上施加轴向力来实现。当在吹塑机中时，由于变形的弹性锁环32压在配有一支撑凸缘6的预成型件的内侧壁3a上时，预成型件10保持在固定器中。弹性锁环32的张力是来自夹紧衬套31的压力的作用，这是通过受弹簧33作用的活塞34建立。预成型件颈的内壁3a上的支撑凸缘6阻止弹性锁环32的所有轴向运动，从而防止罐成形过程中吹制的预成型件脱离吹制模具。在成形过程，预成型件10的薄的外凸缘4不传送任何力并因此得到有效地保护以防止损坏。
在具有一个附加的支撑凸缘7的预成型件变体中，如图17所示，当预成型件滑动到固定器上时，弹性锁环32装配在预成型件的支撑凸缘6与附加的支撑凸缘7之间，这在吹制过程中加强了锁定和勒紧了预成型件密封且便于预成型件的定位。
当预成型件10滑动到固定器上或罐在吹制后滑落时，特定压力下的空气被输送到开口35。空气压力推动活塞34向上，从而提升夹紧衬套31作用在弹性锁环32上的压力。在弹性锁环32上没有压力时，没有力作用在预成型件颈的内壁3a上。这样，将预成型件滑动到固定器上和使成形的容器滑落固定器变得容易。在本发明的另一个实施例中，通过使用销37移动活塞32，来实现夹紧衬套31施加在弹性锁环32上的压力释放；弹簧33压在夹紧衬套31上促使其朝着预成型件底部移动。
在预成型件10在吹制模具中经历转变成成品的过程中，弹性锁环32受到被压入预成型件中用来吹制预成型件的空气的附加向下压力；空气在夹紧衬套31顶面上施加压力。
根据本发明的预成型件固定器也可用于在吹制过程中保持和紧密密封不带外凸缘的预成型件，如图18所示。

Claims (4)

1.一种塑料容器预成型件，其由一主体组成，所述主体的一端为凸形底部且另一端为外壁平坦的圆柱颈（3），圆柱颈（3）的末端为从主体（1）向外延伸的薄的外凸缘（4）且圆柱颈（3）包括一个内部支撑凸缘（6），其特征在于，所述主体是圆锥形的且直接并入圆柱颈（3），所述内部支撑凸缘（6）形成在顶部边缘（5）下方的圆柱颈的内壁（3a）上。
2.如权利要求1所述的预成型件，其特征在于，所述内部支撑凸缘（6）形成在顶部边缘（5）下方至少1.5mm处。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的预成型件，其特征在于，一附加的支撑凸缘（7）形成在所述内部支撑凸缘（6）下方的圆柱颈的内壁（3a）上。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的预成型件，其特征在于，多个支撑凸缘在圆柱颈的内壁（3a）上形成底部。
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