Background technology
Scouring is a symptom, increase with the defecation number of times clinically and ight soil is not shaped to common feature, suffer from poultry and show as that spirit is depressed, anorexia or useless exhausted, ruminate the number of times minimizing or stop, draw the water sample loose stool, and the clinical symptoms of in various degree " tenesmus " is arranged.Show according to domestic statistics in recent years: the case load of pneumoenteritis of calves accounts for 50-60%, causes serious economy loss to aquaculture, is to allow the disease of raiser's headache most.
The reason that causes diarrhoea is a lot.Sanitary condition is poor, as the bad feed of the quality of searching for food, yearningly go into unclean water, cage house environmental sanitation poor, artificially stress wait factor all can reduce immunity of organisms, cause enteric infections such as enteric bacteria, virus or parasite, make the enteron aisle water seepage too much, the ability that has surpassed intestinal absorption moisture, cause ight soil thin, just inferior increasing.As the yellowish-white dysentery of piglet, the Escherichia coli of chicken, duck, salmonellal diarrhoea.Also have intestinal bacilli illness or digestive ferment to lack and to cause the decomposition of food unusual, can not be digested well and absorb, the diarrhoea that causes.As because the diarrhoea that causes of early weaning piglet etc.Because this disease has morbidity anxious, dead fast characteristics are so the harm that this disease causes livestock and poultry is very big.
The control of diarrhoea is based on the Western medicine antibiotic therapy at present.Antibiotic advantage is can be directly, pathogenic microbe killing or suppress microbial growth and breeding fast, and clear and definite molecular configuration is arranged, be beneficial to artificial synthetic, produce, can carry out strict biological test to check its effect.But antibiotic appears gradually to the potential hazard (toxicity) of animal body or human body generation in long-term use, combining with animal body, human body cell, after reaching certain threshold value, will appear its toxic and side effect, be that to occur medicine in the animal body residual, can make the pathogenic microorganism that causes a disease the resistance to the action of a drug occur, the effect that causes antibiotic in human disease treatment, to lose.Antibiotic has also killed the profitable strain in the body simultaneously in pathogenic microbe killing in addition.According to the literature, long-time and heavy dose of antibiotic that uses can cause intestinal bacilli illness, cause some antibody-resistant bacterium growth and breeding on small intestine and colon, and the generation toxin causes pseudomembranous enteritis and watery diarrhea.Cause the medicine of pseudomembranous enteritis to mainly contain lincomycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, Amoxicillin, rifampin etc. at present.The prolonged application antibiotic also can cause intestinal canal fungus infection to cause fungal enteritis and diarrhoea occur.
In view of the foregoing, western countries' strictness have limited antibiotic use, have strengthened the residual detection of aquatic animal Chinese medicine, are domesticly also just working out corresponding law.Natural plant (Chinese herbal medicine) feed addictive has been opened up the new world for control animal diarrhoea, for Developing of Animal Industry has been brought bright prospect.
Natural plant feed addictive is little with the mode of action, the toxic and side effect of its uniqueness, noresidue, the no resistance to the action of a drug and characteristics such as pollution-free and favored.Different with antibiotic is: most Chinese medicines are not directly to act on pathogenic microorganism.Existing studies show that, many Chinese medicines are no conspicuousness bacteriostasis in experiment in vitro, even the most frequently used coptis, has only slight bacteriostasis external in also, it is remarkable to can not show a candle to antibiotic, still, and after these Chinese medicines are absorbed by the animal body, can be converted into material, or stimulate body to produce the material of sterilization with remarkable inhibitory anti-virus effect.Chinese medicine is to the effect of pathogenic microorganism, and specificity is relatively poor, but acting surface is wider.Therefore Chinese medicine is mainly reflected in the resistance against diseases that improves animal body self and improves body non-specific immunity aspect in the characteristic aspect the prevention Animal diseases.
Studies show that natural plant feed addictive can guarantee the livestock and poultry body health, promote to grow, improve production performance, strengthen resistance against diseases, increase animal products output, improve the price of deed etc.The application of natural plant feed addictive is to produce nuisance free feed in addition, and then produces one of important step of pollution-free food.
Therefore, the research of the control animal diarrhoea natural plant feed addictive of pure natural can drive the development of China's feed industry, adjust the antibiotic situation of the long-term use of China's additive industry, can widen China green feed additive market, be to make China's feed industry and aquaculture go on the road of sustainable sound development, improve the wise move of social economy's ecological benefits.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention: according to China traditional traditional Chinese medicine theory and modern medical theory, selected multiple natural plants forms according to certain proportioning is refining, uses this additive and can effectively reduce diarrhea rate, promotes growth.Have no side effect simultaneously, for green cultivation provides new method.
The feed addictive of Purely natural vegetality control diarrhoea provided by the invention, the percentage by weight of its raw material components is: rhizoma atractylodis 15-20%, coptis 7-10%, wrinkled giant hyssop 10-13%, talcum 8-10%, Radix Astragali 8-10%, banksia rose 5-7%, hawthorn 5-7%, Radix Glycyrrhizae 1-3%, pine needle meal 30-35%.
Preparation method: raw material weighed in proportion, pulverizes, sieved (100 order), mix, make powder, packing after the quality inspection.
The application process of feed addictive: feed addictive is added in the piglet complete feed, and its addition is 0.1g/kg~0.5g/kg feed.
Principle of the present invention:
In the component rhizoma atractylodis have drying damp and strengthening spleen, the wet effect of dispeling the wind.Atractylodes chinensis can obviously be alleviated isolated small intestines of rabbits spasm due to the acetylcholine, and intestinal motility due to the adrenaline is suppressed, and certain antagonism is then arranged, and the aminohexose that extracts from rhizoma atractylodis has the repair of the stomach lining of promotion.Rhizoma atractylodis have stronger antiulcer action, and have the effect of eliminating resistance shigella flexneri R plasmid, can reduce the generation of bacterial drug resistance.The coptis has purging intense heat and detonicating, heat-clearing and damp-drying drug effect, diseases such as row heat poison, high heat agitation, dysentery, aphtha, ulcer serious case of furuncle in the time of can controlling.The coptis contains multiple alkaloids such as jamaicin, coptisine, and other contains compositions such as obakunone, obakulactone.Pharmacological testing proves that the coptis has significant diuresis; And can bring high blood pressure down, coronary artery dilator reduces vasopermeability; Antibacterial and antiviral, antiprotozoan effect is arranged, staphylococcus aureus, shigella dysenteriae are had inhibitory action.Wrinkled giant hyssop has removing dampness to restore normal functioning of the stomach antidiarrheal.It has sedation to the stomach and intestine nerve, and can expand capilary, perspiration slightly, and the gas of its fragrance can promote gastric secretion with aid digestion.Simultaneously, wrinkled giant hyssop has inhibitory action to staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, shigella dysenteriae etc.Magnesium silicate in the talcum has absorption and astriction, for oral administrationly can protect the intestines wall, antidiarrheal and do not cause expansion.Radix Astragali energy invigorating qi for strengthening superficies, diuresis holder poison has inhibitory action to shigella dysenteriae, golden yellow glucose coccus etc.The Radix Astragali can promote immune cell propagation, discharges lymphocyte factor, activates the B cell, generates immune globulin antibody; Promote to get rid of the decline cell, remove refuse.The astragaloside of the Radix Astragali mucous membrane that can stimulate digestion, reflectivity promotes the secretion of glandula digestive, it also can increase the absorption function of intestinal mucosa, promotes digesting and assimilating of nutriment.The banksia rose have invigorating the spleen disappear stagnant, the adjustable stomach and intestine gas that stagnates.Intestines and stomach there is excitement or suppresses two-way function, effects such as the digestive juice secretion of promotion, cholagogic, lax tracheal smooth muscle, antibacterial, diuresis are arranged.The banksia rose has antibiotic and antiinflammatory action simultaneously.Be used for the treatment of stomachache, diarrhoea, tenesmus.Hawthorn tool appetite-stimulating indigestion-relieving, the effect of long-pending, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, the promoting the circulation of qi of reducing phlegm of disappearing change to stagnate.That Radix Glycyrrhizae has is antibiotic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic action effect, and its root and rhizome is used as medicine, and tool is invigorated the spleen and benefited qi, and is clearing heat and detoxicating, expelling phlegm and arresting coughing, relieving spasm to stop pain, functions such as coordinating the drug actions of a prescription.Green, the delicate fragrance of pine needle pink colour is the higher new type natural vegetalitas additive for farm animal feed of a kind of nutritive value developed of people in recent years.Its active chemical is volatile oil (australene and nopinene, an amphene etc.), flavonol (Quercetin, kaempferol etc.), resin etc.Not only contain rich nutrient substances in the pine needle (with alfalfa meal, green hay powder and Chinese scholartree leaf powder ratio, the content of the dry of pine needle meal, crude protein, crude fat, NFE all is the highest), also have bioactivators such as flavones, hormone, terpenoid.
Rhizoma atractylodis are drying damp and strengthening spleen in the component, inducing sweat and dispelling exogenous evils; The banksia rose and wrinkled giant hyssop promoting qi circulation and relieving pain and stomach antidiarrheal; Coptis heat-clearing and damp-drying drug, purging intense heat and detonicating; The talcum inducing diuresis for treating strangurtia, clearing away summerheat, sore is held back in clearing damp; The Radix Astragali replenishes qi to invigorate the spleen in addition, and hawthorn digesting is good for the stomach, and all medicine associatings can be regulated metabolic function, end dysentery rapidly, are good for the stomach, and can eliminate the inflammation-causing substance in the enteron aisle again rapidly, and the growth of inflammation-inhibiting medium promotes the quick reparation of enteron aisle damaged part.Therefore have clearing heat and detoxicating, the effect of dampness-eliminating and dysentery-stopping.
The beneficial effect that technical solution of the present invention is brought
This additive relatively has remarkable advantages with other chemical addition agents and natural plant additive:
1. consumption is little, only adds 0.1g/kg~0.5g/kg in feed, can not produce toxic and side effect to animal itself, also can not increase production cost simultaneously;
2. the dosage of each natural plants is to determine that according to the property theory and the relation between plant of natural plants compatibility of drugs is reasonable in of the present invention; And each natural plants is plant commonly used.
3. can effectively reduce diarrhea rate, promote growth, have no side effect simultaneously.
The specific embodiment:
Embodiment 1: the natural plant feed addictive of pure natural control animal diarrhoea, its raw material components percentage by weight is: rhizoma atractylodis 16%, the coptis 8%, wrinkled giant hyssop 12%, talcum 10%, the Radix Astragali 8%, the banksia rose 7%, hawthorn 5%, Radix Glycyrrhizae 1%, pine needle meal 33%.
The preparation method: raw material is weighed by weight proportion, pulverize then, sieve (100 order), mixing are made powder, packing after the quality inspection.
Use: this feed addictive is added in the piglet complete feed, and addition is 0.1g/kg~0.5g/kg feed.
Storage practice: this feed addictive powder should be deposited in aeration-drying place.3 months summers of shelf-life, spring, autumn, 6 months winters.
Embodiment 2: the natural plant feed addictive of pure natural control animal diarrhoea, its raw material components percentage by weight is: rhizoma atractylodis 18%, the coptis 9%, wrinkled giant hyssop 11%, talcum 9%, the Radix Astragali 9%, the banksia rose 5%, hawthorn 6%, Radix Glycyrrhizae 2%, pine needle meal 31%.
Preparation method's and methods for using them is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3: the natural plant feed addictive of pure natural control animal diarrhoea, its raw material components percentage by weight is: rhizoma atractylodis 17%, the coptis 8%, wrinkled giant hyssop 10%, talcum 9%, the Radix Astragali 8%, the banksia rose 6%, hawthorn 7%, Radix Glycyrrhizae 3%, pine needle meal 32%.
Preparation method's and methods for using them is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4: the natural plant feed addictive of pure natural control animal diarrhoea, its raw material components percentage by weight is: rhizoma atractylodis 18%, the coptis 7%, wrinkled giant hyssop 10%, talcum 8%, the Radix Astragali 9%, the banksia rose 6%, hawthorn 6%, Radix Glycyrrhizae 2%, pine needle meal 34%.
Preparation method's and methods for using them is with embodiment 1.
Show that below in conjunction with feeding experiment and clinical practice the invention will be further described:
This experiment lasts 3 months, with each treated animal growth performance, and diarrhea rate, and organic acid and microorganism species are evaluated the result of use of this natural plant feed addictive as index in the excrement.
One, the selection that breeds experimental animals
The hybridization piglet that grows up of 108 health of this experimental selection 28 ± 2 ages in days, first starting weight 7.35 ± 0.24kg.
Two, the screening of natural plant feed addictive raw material and prerun
Natural plants is by material rate weigh, pulverize, sieve (100 order).Mix according to proportioning, make powder.Carry out in test the record and the analysis of each parameter.
Three, experimental design and grouping
Experimental animal feeding is in same house.Piglet is divided into 3 groups at random, and (learn check by statistics, each organizes the initial method of double differences different not remarkable (P>0.05), establishes 6 repetitions for every group, and each repeats 6 pigs (male and female half and half).First group is control group, and second group is the natural plants group, and the 3rd group is the antibiotic group.
Four, basal diet and natural plant feed addictive are formed
This experimental basis daily ration is based on corn-dregs of beans type.The natural plants group is added 0.3g/kg natural plant feed additives (prescription is for shown in the embodiment 1: rhizoma atractylodis 16%, the coptis 8%, wrinkled giant hyssop 12%, talcum 10%, the Radix Astragali 8%, the banksia rose 7%, hawthorn 5%, Radix Glycyrrhizae 1%, pine needle meal 33%) in piglet diet.The antibiotic group is added the 0.3g/kg colistin sulfate.
Five, experimental index is measured
Diarrhoea situation of each processing of record every day, calculate each daily gain and diarrhea rate of handling of test early stage (1-14 days) and later stage (15-28 days), collect the fresh excrement sample (being no less than 10g) of each processed group piglet discharge simultaneously the 14th, 28 day morning in test, a part is used for measuring the excrement organic acid, a part encapsulates with aseptic plastic bag, to microorganism species in the weanling pig ight soil (Escherichia coli, Bacillus acidi lactici), cultivate, measure.
Diarrhea rate=diarrhoea number * diarrhoea fate/total the number * fate of always feeding
Six, feeding effect
Each processed group of table 1 is to the % that influences of weanling pig daily gain
Annotate: compare with control group,
*P<0.05, significant difference;
*P<0.01, difference are extremely remarkable.Down together
Table 1 shows that the natural plants group is better than the antibiotic group to the gaining effect of weanling pig, and two groups of average daily gains all are higher than control group significantly,
Each processed group of table 2 influences % to the diarrhea of weaned piglets rate
Annotate: compare with control group,
*P<0.05, significant difference;
*P<0.01, difference are extremely remarkable.
In this experiment, the natural plants group is best to the prevention effect of grice diarrhoea rate.The diarrhea rate utmost point of test natural plants group in early stage is markedly inferior to control group (P<0.01), and antibiotic group diarrhea rate is lower than control group significantly.In the test later stage, the diarrhea rate of natural plants group and antibiotic group is lower than control group significantly.Illustrate that Chinese medicine is better than the antibiotic group to control post-weaning diarrhea in piglet effect.
Each processed group of table 3 influences 10 to organic acid in the weanling pig excrement
-4The mol/g excrement
Organic acid content how much in the excrement, can be used as the index of attenuation degree in the small intestine, and the organic acid content height shows that the organic acid secretion increases in the animal intestinal, and the decomposing and fermenting process is vigorous.Organic acid comprises lactic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, acetic acid, butanedioic acid etc. in the excrement.In this test, organic acid content is higher than control group significantly in test natural plants group in early stage and the antibiotic group excrement.Organic acid content still is higher than control group significantly in the test later stage natural plants group excrement.The natural plants group has promoted field planting, growth, the propagation of profitable strain, and its catabolite produces a large amount of organic acids, and sour environment can improve proteinase activity, and then promotes the digestion of amino acid, protein to improve production performance, reduces diarrhea rate.
Each processed group of table 4 is to the log that influences of microorganism species in the weanling pig excrement
10Cfu/g
Escherichia coli are the opportunistic pathogenic bacteria with host's commensalism.Bacillus acidi lactici is and the bacterium of host's symbiosis, is obligate anaerobe, is generally the dominant microflora in the enteron aisle, and the nutrition of providing and immunoregulatory effect are provided.After weaned piglet, food is that external source is added, this moment, Abwehrkraft des Koepers descended, bacterial adhesion enters in the enteron aisle in feed, gut flora is changed, destroy the normal colony balance of enteron aisle, pathogenic bacteria concentration such as Escherichia coli rise, the concentration of beneficial bacteriums such as Bacillus acidi lactici descends, and shows as symptom of diarrhea on weanling pig.Studies show that the enterotoxin that Escherichia coli produce is the immediate cause that causes diarrhoea.
Result of the test shows, compares with control group, and the natural plants group has reduced Escherichia coli quantity, and is little to the number affects of Bacillus acidi lactici.Antibiotic has also reduced colibacillary quantity in the excrement, but has also reduced the quantity of Bacillus acidi lactici simultaneously.Illustrate that the natural plants group is the quantity that reduces or suppress pernicious bacteria to the mechanism of action of enteric microorganism flora, but the quantity of profitable strain is not had influence.And antibiotic mechanism of action is not only killed the enteron aisle Escherichia coli, and the obligate anaerobe to useful sensitivity also has inhibitory action simultaneously, thereby infringement mycoderm barrier function, makes normal flora enteron aisle field planting drag and other biological antagonism defunctionalization.Therefore antibiotic action effect is not as the natural plants group.
This project shows that by small-scale feeding experiment result this plant feed addictive can effectively suppress pernicious bacteria in the intestines, thereby reduces the diarrhea rate of animal significantly, guarantees the quantity of beneficial bacterium, promotes digestion, has improved production performance.The as fired basis instinct of this achievement among a small circle guarantees that plant increases by 9% economic benefit.If it is obtain to apply on a large scale, significant to the green cultivation of China, green pork industrialization.The social benefit of this project and ecological benefits are significant.
The feed addictive of Purely natural vegetality control diarrhoea provided by the invention, the percentage by weight of its raw material components is: rhizoma atractylodis 15-20%, coptis 7-10%, wrinkled giant hyssop 10-13%, talcum 8-10%, Radix Astragali 8-10%, banksia rose 5-7%, hawthorn 5-7%, Radix Glycyrrhizae 1-3%, pine needle meal 30-35%.
Preparation method: raw material weighed in proportion, pulverizes, sieved (100 order), mix, make powder, packing after the quality inspection.
The application process of feed addictive: feed addictive is added in the piglet complete feed, and its addition is 0.1g/kg~0.5g/kg feed.