CN101610613B - Line heat source - Google Patents
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- CN101610613B CN101610613B CN2009101383414A CN200910138341A CN101610613B CN 101610613 B CN101610613 B CN 101610613B CN 2009101383414 A CN2009101383414 A CN 2009101383414A CN 200910138341 A CN200910138341 A CN 200910138341A CN 101610613 B CN101610613 B CN 101610613B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
- H05B2214/04—Heating means manufactured by using nanotechnology
Abstract
The invention relates to a line heat source, which comprises a linear support structure, a heating element arranged on the surface of the linear support structure and at least two electrodes arranged at intervals, the at least two electrodes are electrically connected with the heating element, wherein the heating element comprises at least one carbon nanotube film, and carbon nanotubes in the same carbon nanotube film are arranged by preferred orientation along the same direction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of line heat source, relate in particular to a kind of line heat source based on carbon nano-tube.
Background technology
Thermal source plays an important role in people's production, life, scientific research.Line heat source is one of thermal source of using always, is widely used in fields such as electric heater, infrared therapeutic apparatus, electric heater.
See also Fig. 1, prior art provides a kind of line heat source 10, and it comprises a hollow cylindrical support 102; One heating element 104 is arranged at this support 102 surfaces, and an insulating protective layer 106 is arranged at this heating element 104 surfaces; Two electrodes 110 are arranged at support 102 two ends respectively, and are electrically connected with heating element 104; Two clamping elements 108 fix two electrodes 110 and heating element 104 at support 102 two ends respectively.Wherein, heating element 104 adopts a carbon fiber paper to form by the mode of twining or wrap up usually.When applying a voltage by 110 pairs of these line heat sources 10 of two electrodes, described heating element 104 produces Joule heat, and carries out thermal radiation towards periphery.Described carbon fiber paper comprises paper base material and is distributed in asphalt base carbon fiber in this paper base material in a jumble.Wherein, paper base material comprises the mixture of cellulose fiber peacekeeping resin etc., and the diameter of asphalt base carbon fiber is 3～6 millimeters, and length is 5～20 microns.
Yet, adopt carbon fiber paper to have following shortcoming as heating element: the first, carbon fiber paper thickness is bigger, is generally tens microns, makes line heat source be difficult for making microstructure, can't be applied to the heating of microdevice.The second, owing to comprised paper base material in this carbon fiber paper, so the density of this carbon fiber paper is bigger, weight is bigger, makes the line heat source that adopts this carbon fiber paper use inconvenience.The 3rd, because the asphalt base carbon fiber in this carbon fiber paper distributes in a jumble, so the intensity of this carbon fiber paper is less, flexibility is relatively poor, breaks easily, and having limited it should have scope.The 4th, the electric conversion efficiency of carbon fiber paper is lower, is unfavorable for energy-conserving and environment-protective.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, necessaryly provide a kind of line heat source, this line heat source weight is less, and intensity is big, can make microstructure, is applied to the heating of microdevice, and electric conversion efficiency is higher, is beneficial to energy-conserving and environment-protective.
A kind of line heat source, it comprises a wire supporting construction, one heating element is arranged at the surface of wire supporting construction, and at least two electrode gap settings, described at least two electrodes are electrically connected with this heating element, wherein, described heating element comprises at least one carbon nano-tube film, and the carbon nano-tube in the same carbon nano-tube film is arranged of preferred orient along same direction.
Compared with prior art, described line heat source has the following advantages: the first, and the diameter of carbon nano-tube is less, makes carbon nano tube structure have less thickness, can prepare the micro wire thermal source, is applied to the heating of microdevice.The second, carbon nano-tube has littler density than carbon fiber, so, adopt the line heat source of carbon nano tube structure to have lighter weight, easy to use.The 3rd, described carbon nano tube structure comprises at least one carbon nano-tube film, carbon nano-tube in the same carbon nano-tube film is arranged along same direction, has lower resistance, and the electric conversion efficiency height of carbon nano-tube, thermal resistivity is low, so this line heat source has the characteristics rapid, that thermo-lag is little, rate of heat exchange is fast that heat up.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the line heat source of prior art.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the line heat source of the embodiment of the invention
Fig. 3 is the generalized section of the line heat source III-III along the line of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 be Fig. 3 line heat source IV-IV along the line generalized section.
Fig. 5 is the stereoscan photograph of the carbon nano-tube film in the line heat source of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is the partial structurtes schematic diagram of the carbon nano-tube film of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is the stereoscan photograph of the non-carbon nano tube line that reverses in the line heat source of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 is the stereoscan photograph of the carbon nano tube line that reverses in the line heat source of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9 is the surface temperature of line heat source of the embodiment of the invention and the graph of a relation of heating power.
Embodiment
Describe line heat source provided by the invention in detail below with reference to accompanying drawing.
See also Fig. 2 to Fig. 4, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of line heat source 20, and this line heat source 20 comprises a wire supporting construction 202; One reflector 210 is arranged at the surface of this wire supporting construction 202; One heating element 204 is arranged at 210 surfaces, described reflector; Two electrodes 206 are provided with at interval, and are electrically connected with this heating element 204; And one insulating protective layer 208 be arranged at the surface of this heating element 204.The length and the diameter of described line heat source 20 are not limit, and preferably, the diameter of described line heat source 20 is 0.1 micron～1.5 centimetres.The diameter of the line heat source 20 of present embodiment is 1.1 millimeters～1.1 centimetres.
Described wire supporting construction 202 is used to support heating element 204, and its material can be hard material or flexible material.Described hard material comprises one or more in pottery, glass, resin and the quartz etc.Described flexible material comprises one or more in plastics, resin and the flexible fiber etc.Described wire supporting construction 202 can adopt flexible material, and at this moment, described line heat source 20 is bent into arbitrary shape in use as required.The length of described wire supporting construction 202, diameter and shape are not limit, and can select according to actual needs.The wire supporting construction 202 of present embodiment is a ceramic bar, and its diameter is 1 millimeter～1 centimetre.
The material in described reflector 210 is a white insulating material, as: one or more in metal oxide, slaine and the pottery etc.In the present embodiment, the material in described reflector 210 is preferably alundum (Al, and its thickness is 100 microns～0.5 millimeter.This reflector 210 can be by the preparation of methods such as physical vaporous deposition or chemical vapour deposition technique.Described physical vaporous deposition comprises sputter or evaporation etc.In the present embodiment, the method deposition alundum (Al by sputter is in these wire supporting construction 202 surfaces.Described reflector 210 is used for reflecting the heat that described heating element 204 is sent out, and makes it effectively be dispersed into extraneous space and goes.Be appreciated that but this reflector 210 is a choice structure.
Described heating element 204 comprises a carbon nano tube structure.This carbon nano tube structure can wrap up or be wound in the surface in described reflector 210.This carbon nano tube structure can utilization itself viscosity be connected with this reflector 210, also can be connected with reflector 210 by binding agent.In the present embodiment, described binding agent is a silica gel.Be appreciated that when this line heat source 20 does not comprise reflector 210 heating element 204 can directly wrap up or be wound in the surface of described wire supporting construction 202.
Described carbon nano tube structure is a self supporting structure.So-called " self supporting structure " i.e. this carbon nano tube structure need not by a support body supports, also can keep self specific shape.The carbon nano tube structure of this self supporting structure comprises a plurality of carbon nano-tube, and these a plurality of carbon nano-tube attract each other by Van der Waals force, thereby makes carbon nano tube structure have specific shape.Carbon nano-tube in the described carbon nano tube structure comprises one or more in Single Walled Carbon Nanotube, double-walled carbon nano-tube and the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes.The diameter of described Single Walled Carbon Nanotube is 0.5 nanometer～50 nanometers, and the diameter of described double-walled carbon nano-tube is 1.0 nanometers～50 nanometers, and the diameter of described multi-walled carbon nano-tubes is 1.5 nanometers～50 nanometers.The length of described carbon nano-tube is not limit, and preferably, the length of carbon nano-tube is greater than 100 microns.This carbon nano tube structure can be planar or linear structure.Because this carbon nano tube structure has self-supporting, so this carbon nano tube structure still can keep planar or linear structure not by support body supports the time.The unit are thermal capacitance of described carbon nano tube structure is less than 2 * 10
-4Every square centimeter of Kelvin of joule.Preferably, the unit are thermal capacitance of described carbon nano tube structure is smaller or equal to 1.7 * 10
-6Every square centimeter of Kelvin of joule.Because the carbon nano tube structure in this carbon nano tube structure has good flexible, makes this carbon nano tube structure have good flexible, can bending fold become arbitrary shape and do not break.
In the present embodiment, described carbon nano tube structure comprises at least one carbon nano-tube film.This carbon nano-tube film can wrap up or be wound in the surface in described reflector 210.Described carbon nano-tube film is for directly pulling a kind of carbon nano-tube film with self-supporting of acquisition from carbon nano pipe array.Each carbon nano-tube film comprises a plurality of along same direction preferred orientation and be parallel to carbon nano-tube film surface carbon nanotubes arranged.Join end to end by Van der Waals force between the described carbon nano-tube.See also Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, particularly, each carbon nano-tube film comprise a plurality of continuously and the carbon nano-tube fragment 143 that aligns.This a plurality of carbon nano-tube fragment 143 joins end to end by Van der Waals force.Each carbon nano-tube fragment 143 comprises a plurality of carbon nano-tube that are parallel to each other 145, and this a plurality of carbon nano-tube that is parallel to each other 145 is combined closely by Van der Waals force.This carbon nano-tube fragment 143 has width, thickness, uniformity and shape arbitrarily.The thickness of described carbon nano-tube film is 0.5 nanometer～100 micron, and width is relevant with the size of the carbon nano pipe array that pulls this carbon nano-tube film, and length is not limit.Described carbon nano-tube film and preparation method thereof sees also people such as Fan Shoushan in application on February 9th, 2007, in disclosed CN101239712A number Chinese publication application on August 13 " carbon nano-tube membrane structure and preparation method thereof " in 2008, applicant: Tsing-Hua University, Hongfujin Precise Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd..When this carbon nano tube structure is made up of carbon nano-tube film, and the thickness of carbon nano tube structure is when smaller, and for example less than 10 microns, this carbon nano tube structure has good transparency, and its light transmittance can reach 96%, can be used to make a transparent thermal source.The unit are thermal capacitance of described carbon nano-tube film can be smaller or equal to 1.7 * 10
-6Every square centimeter of Kelvin of joule.
When described carbon nano tube structure comprises the multilayer carbon nanotube film of overlapping setting, form an intersecting angle α between the carbon nano-tube that is arranged of preferred orient in the adjacent two layers carbon nano-tube film, and α spends (0 °≤α≤90 °) more than or equal to 0 degree smaller or equal to 90.Have certain interval between described a plurality of carbon nano-tube film or between the adjacent carbon nano-tube among carbon nano-tube film, when intersecting angle α spends greater than 0, form a plurality of micropores in carbon nano tube structure, the aperture of micropore is approximately less than 10 microns.Being appreciated that can the controlling carbon nanotube thickness of structure by the number of plies of controlling carbon nanotube film.The thermal response speed of carbon nano tube structure is relevant with its thickness.Under situation of the same area, the thickness of carbon nano tube structure is big more, and thermal response speed is slow more; Otherwise the thickness of carbon nano tube structure is more little, and thermal response speed is fast more.When the thickness of described carbon nano tube structure is 1 micron～1 millimeter, carbon nano tube structure just can reach maximum temperature in less than 1 second time.And the carbon nano-tube monofilm just can reach maximum temperature in 0.1 millisecond of time.So this line heat source 20 is applicable to the object Fast Heating.
In the present embodiment, heating element 204 adopts 100 layers of carbon nano-tube film overlapping and arranged in a crossed manner, and the intersecting angle between the carbon nano-tube in the adjacent two layers carbon nano-tube film is 90 degree.The length of this carbon nano tube structure is 5 centimetres, and the width of carbon nano tube structure is 3 centimetres, and the thickness of carbon nano tube structure is 50 microns.Utilize the viscosity of carbon nano tube structure itself, this carbon nano tube structure is wrapped in the surface in described reflector 210.
The set-up mode of described two electrodes 206 is not limit, and only need guarantee that it is provided with at interval, and is electrically connected with this heating element 204 and gets final product.Particularly, described electrode 206 can be arranged on the same surface of described heating element 204 and also can be arranged on the different surfaces of described heating element 204.Described electrode 206 can be arranged on the surface of this heating element 204 by the viscosity or the conductive adhesive (figure does not show) of carbon nano tube structure.Conductive adhesive also can be fixed in electrode 206 on the surface of carbon nano tube structure when realizing that electrode 206 and carbon nano tube structure electrically contact better.Can apply voltage to heating element 204 by these two electrodes 206.Wherein, be provided with at interval between two electrodes 206, avoid short circuit phenomenon to produce so that insert certain resistance when adopting heating element 204 heating powers of carbon nano tube structure.Preferably, with electrode 206 around the surface that is arranged at heating element 204.Because the carbon nano-tube film in the heating element 204 has lower resistivity in the direction along carbon nano-tube, so the setting of this heating element 204 is relevant with being provided with of described electrode 206.Preferably, in this heating element 204 orientation of part carbon nano-tube along in electrode 206 extend to the direction of another electrode 206.
Described electrode 206 is conductive film, sheet metal or metal lead wire.The material of this conductive film can be metal, alloy, indium tin oxide (ITO), antimony tin oxide (ATO), conductive silver glue, conducting polymer etc.This conductive film can pass through physical vaporous deposition, and chemical vapour deposition technique or other method are formed at heating element 204 surfaces.This sheet metal can be copper sheet or aluminium flake etc.This sheet metal can be fixed in heating element 204 surfaces by conductive adhesive.
Described electrode 206 can also be a metallic carbon nanotubes structure.This carbon nano tube structure is arranged at the surface of heating element 204.This carbon nano tube structure can be by viscosity or the conductive adhesive surface of being fixed in heating element 204 of himself.This carbon nano tube structure comprises and aligning and equally distributed a plurality of metallic carbon nanotubes.Particularly, this carbon nano tube structure can comprise at least one carbon nano-tube film, at least one liner structure of carbon nano tube or its combination.Described liner structure of carbon nano tube can comprise the twisted wire structure that is arranged in parallel at least one carbon nano tube line, a plurality of carbon nano tube line the fascicular texture formed or a plurality of carbon nano tube line reverse composition mutually.
Described carbon nano tube line comprises a plurality of along carbon nano tube line axial orientation carbon nanotubes arranged.Described carbon nano tube line can be non-carbon nano tube line that reverses or the carbon nano tube line that reverses.This non-carbon nano tube line that reverses obtains for the carbon nano-tube membrane is handled by organic solvent.See also Fig. 7, this non-carbon nano tube line that reverses comprises a plurality of along carbon nano tube line length direction carbon nanotubes arranged.This carbon nano tube line that reverses reverses acquisition for adopting a mechanical force in opposite direction with described carbon nano-tube membrane two ends.See also Fig. 8, this carbon nano tube line that reverses comprises a plurality of around carbon nano tube line axial screw carbon nanotubes arranged.This non-carbon nano tube line that reverses and the carbon nano-tube line length of reversing are not limit, and diameter is 0.5 nanometer～100 micron.Described carbon nano tube line and preparation method thereof sees also people such as Fan Shoushan in application on September 16th, 2002, CN100411979C number China's bulletin patent " a kind of carbon nano-tube rope and manufacture method thereof " in bulletin on August 20th, 2008, applicant: Tsing-Hua University, Hongfujin Precise Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., and on December 16th, 2005 application, in disclosed CN1982209A number Chinese publication application " carbon nano-tube filament and preparation method thereof " on June 20 in 2007, applicant: Tsing-Hua University, Hongfujin Precise Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd..
Further, can adopt a volatile organic solvent to handle the carbon nano tube line that this reverses.Under the capillary effect that when volatile organic solvent volatilizees, produces, adjacent carbon nano-tube is combined closely by Van der Waals force in the carbon nano tube line that reverses after the processing, the diameter and the specific area of the carbon nano tube line that reverses are reduced, and density and intensity increase.Because this carbon nano tube line obtains for adopting organic solvent or mechanical force to handle above-mentioned carbon nano-tube membrane, this carbon nano-tube membrane is a self supporting structure, so this carbon nano tube line is a self supporting structure.
In the present embodiment, two carbon nano-tube films are arranged at wire supporting construction 202 two ends along its length respectively as electrode 206.These two carbon nano-tube films are surrounded on the inner surface of heating element 204, and electrically contact by forming between conductive adhesive and the heating element 204.Described conductive adhesive is preferably elargol.Because the heating element 204 in the present embodiment adopts carbon nano-tube film overlapping and arranged in a crossed manner, so electrode 206 all adopts carbon nano tube structure with heating element 204, can reduce the ohmic contact resistance between electrode 206 and the heating element 204, thereby improve the utilance of 20 pairs of electric energy of line heat source.
The material of described insulating protective layer 208 is an insulating material, as: rubber, resin etc.Described insulating protective layer 208 thickness are not limit, and can select according to actual conditions.In the present embodiment, the material of this insulating protective layer 208 adopts rubber, and its thickness is 0.5～2 millimeter.This insulating protective layer 208 can be formed at the outer surface of heating element 204 by the method for coating or parcel.Described insulating protective layer 208 is used for preventing that this line heat source 20 from electrically contacting with external world's formation in use, can also prevent the carbon nano tube structure absorption introduced contaminants in the heating element 204 simultaneously.Be appreciated that but this insulating protective layer 208 is a choice structure.
Carbon nano-tube has excellent conducting performance and thermal stability, as a desirable black matrix structure, has than higher radiation efficiency.In the present embodiment, the above-mentioned carbon nano tube structure of being made up of 100 layers of carbon nano-tube intersection film has been carried out the electric heating property measurement.Long 5 centimetres of this carbon nano tube structure, wide 3 centimetres.It is on 1 centimetre the wire supporting construction 202 that this carbon nano tube structure is wrapped in a diameter, and its length between two electrodes 206 is 3 centimetres.Electric current flows into along the length direction of wire supporting construction 202.Described measuring instrument is respectively infrared radiation thermometer RAYTEK RAYNER IP-M and infrared radiation thermometer AZ-8859.See also Fig. 9, when heating power is 36 watt-hours, its surface temperature has reached 370 ℃.As seen, this carbon nano tube structure has higher electric conversion efficiency.
Behind these line heat source 20 connection leads access supply voltages, by the size of regulating supply voltages at 10 volts～30 volts, this line heat source 20 can give off the long electromagnetic wave of wavelength.Find that by temperature measuring set the temperature of this line heat source 20 is 50 ℃～500 ℃.For object with black matrix structure, when being 200 ℃～450 ℃, its pairing temperature just can send thermal radiation invisible to the human eye (infrared ray), and the thermal radiation of this moment is the most stable, most effective, the thermal radiation heat maximum that is produced.
This line heat source 20 can be arranged at it body surface that will heat or itself and heated object are provided with at interval in use, utilizes its thermal radiation to heat.In addition, a plurality of these line heat sources 20 can also be arranged in various predetermined figures uses.This line heat source 20 can be applied to fields such as electric heater, infrared therapeutic apparatus, electric heater.
In the present embodiment,, make the carbon nano tube structure of preparation can have less thickness because carbon nano-tube has nano level diameter, so, adopt the wire supporting construction of minor diameter can prepare the micro wire thermal source.Carbon nano-tube has stronger corrosion resistance, and it can be worked in sour environment.And carbon nano-tube has extremely strong stability, also can not decompose even work under the vacuum environment of high temperature more than 3000 ℃, makes this line heat source 20 be suitable for work under the vacuum high-temperature.In addition, the strength ratio of carbon nano-tube is high 100 times with the intensity of the steel of volume, weight but have only its 1/6, so, adopt the line heat source 20 of carbon nano-tube to have higher intensity and lighter weight.
In addition, those skilled in the art also can do other variations in spirit of the present invention, and certainly, the variation that these are done according to spirit of the present invention all should be included within the present invention's scope required for protection.
Claims (20)
1. line heat source, it comprises:
One wire supporting construction;
One heating element is arranged at the surface of wire supporting construction, and;
At least two electrode gap settings, described at least two electrodes are electrically connected with this heating element;
It is characterized in that described heating element comprises at least one carbon nano-tube film, and this carbon nano-tube film comprises that a plurality of carbon nano-tube are arranged of preferred orient along same direction.
2. line heat source as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described carbon nano-tube film comprises a plurality of carbon nano-tube fragments that join end to end and be arranged of preferred orient, and closely connects by Van der Waals force between the adjacent carbon nano-tube fragment.
3. line heat source as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described carbon nano-tube fragment comprises a plurality of same length and the carbon nano-tube that is arranged parallel to each other substantially.
4. line heat source as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, the length of described carbon nano-tube is 200 microns～900 microns, and diameter is less than 50 nanometers.
5. line heat source as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described carbon nano tube structure comprises the carbon nano-tube film of at least two stacked settings, and closely connects by Van der Waals force between adjacent two carbon nano-tube films.
6. line heat source as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the unit are thermal capacitance of described carbon nano-tube film is smaller or equal to 2 * 10
-4Every square centimeter of Kelvin of joule.
7. line heat source as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, the unit are thermal capacitance of described carbon nano-tube film is smaller or equal to 1.7 * 10
-6Every square centimeter of Kelvin of joule.
8. line heat source as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the thickness of described carbon nano-tube film is 0.5 nanometer～100 micron.
9. line heat source as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described carbon nano-tube film twines or wrap up the surface that is arranged at the wire supporting construction.
10. line heat source as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, described carbon nano-tube film is by himself viscosity or the conductive adhesive surface of being fixed in the wire supporting construction.
11. line heat source as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described two electrode gap are arranged at the surface of heating element, and are positioned at the two ends of wire supporting construction.
12. line heat source as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, the carbon nano-tube in the described carbon nano-tube film is extended to another electrode from an electrode.
13. line heat source as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described electrode is a carbon nano tube structure, and this carbon nano tube structure comprises and aligning and equally distributed a plurality of metallic carbon nanotubes that this carbon nano tube structure is arranged at the surface of heating element.
14. line heat source as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, described carbon nano tube structure comprises at least one carbon nano-tube film, at least one liner structure of carbon nano tube or its combination.
15. line heat source as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, described liner structure of carbon nano tube comprises at least one non-carbon nano tube line that reverses, at least one carbon nano tube line that reverses or its combination.
16. line heat source as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that, the described non-carbon nano tube line that reverses comprises that a plurality of carbon nano-tube are arranged in parallel along this non-carbon nano tube line length direction that reverses, and the described carbon nano tube line that reverses comprises that a plurality of carbon nano-tube are along the shape arrangement in the shape of a spiral of this carbon nano tube line length direction that reverses.
17. line heat source as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, the diameter of described non-carbon nano tube line that reverses or the carbon nano tube line that reverses is 0.5 nanometer～100 micron.
18. line heat source as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the material of described wire supporting construction is flexible material or hard material, and described flexible material comprises in plastics and the flexible fiber one or more, and described hard material comprises one or more in pottery, glass, resin and the quartz.
19. line heat source as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described line heat source comprises that further a reflector is arranged between described heating element and the wire supporting construction, and the material in described reflector comprises one or more in metal oxide, slaine and the pottery.
20. line heat source as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described line heat source comprises that further an insulating protective layer is arranged at the outer surface of described heating element.
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| CN2009101383414A CN101610613B (en) | 2008-06-18 | 2009-04-24 | Line heat source |
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| CN2009101383414A CN101610613B (en) | 2008-06-18 | 2009-04-24 | Line heat source |
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| CN101610613B true CN101610613B (en) | 2011-09-28 |
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| CN101616512B (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2015-09-30 | 清华大学 | Line heat source |
| CN101893659B (en) | 2009-05-19 | 2012-06-20 | 清华大学 | Method and device for detecting polarization direction of electromagnetic wave |
| CN102147147A (en) * | 2010-02-08 | 2011-08-10 | 清华大学 | Heating guide pipe |
| CN101881659B (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2013-07-31 | 清华大学 | Electromagnetic wave detector |
| CN103055414B (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2015-03-11 | 清华大学 | Pacemaker electrode wire and pacemaker with the same |
| JP2015532770A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2015-11-12 | クワンタム・テクノロジー・グループ・（シンガポール）・プライベート・リミテッド | Electric heating element |
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| JP2010003693A (en) | 2010-01-07 |
| JP5390273B2 (en) | 2014-01-15 |
| CN101610613A (en) | 2009-12-23 |
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