CN101511617B - 三轮或四轮摩托车平稳控制*** - Google Patents

三轮或四轮摩托车平稳控制*** Download PDF

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CN101511617B
CN101511617B CN200680055442.XA CN200680055442A CN101511617B CN 101511617 B CN101511617 B CN 101511617B CN 200680055442 A CN200680055442 A CN 200680055442A CN 101511617 B CN101511617 B CN 101511617B
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CN101511617A (zh
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卢恰诺·马拉比斯
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Quadro Tecnologie S.R.L
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K5/00—Cycles with handlebars, equipped with three or more main road wheels
    • B62K5/02—Tricycles
    • B62K5/027—Motorcycles with three wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/015—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements
    • B60G17/016—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by their responsiveness, when the vehicle is travelling, to specific motion, a specific condition, or driver input
    • B60G17/0162—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by their responsiveness, when the vehicle is travelling, to specific motion, a specific condition, or driver input mainly during a motion involving steering operation, e.g. cornering, overtaking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G21/00—Interconnection systems for two or more resiliently-suspended wheels, e.g. for stabilising a vehicle body with respect to acceleration, deceleration or centrifugal forces
    • B60G21/007—Interconnection systems for two or more resiliently-suspended wheels, e.g. for stabilising a vehicle body with respect to acceleration, deceleration or centrifugal forces means for adjusting the wheel inclination
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G21/00—Interconnection systems for two or more resiliently-suspended wheels, e.g. for stabilising a vehicle body with respect to acceleration, deceleration or centrifugal forces
    • B60G21/02—Interconnection systems for two or more resiliently-suspended wheels, e.g. for stabilising a vehicle body with respect to acceleration, deceleration or centrifugal forces permanently interconnected
    • B60G21/06—Interconnection systems for two or more resiliently-suspended wheels, e.g. for stabilising a vehicle body with respect to acceleration, deceleration or centrifugal forces permanently interconnected fluid
    • B60G21/073—Interconnection systems for two or more resiliently-suspended wheels, e.g. for stabilising a vehicle body with respect to acceleration, deceleration or centrifugal forces permanently interconnected fluid between wheels on the same axle but on different sides of the vehicle, i.e. the left and right wheel suspensions being interconnected
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K5/00—Cycles with handlebars, equipped with three or more main road wheels
    • B62K5/01—Motorcycles with four or more wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K5/00—Cycles with handlebars, equipped with three or more main road wheels
    • B62K5/10—Cycles with handlebars, equipped with three or more main road wheels with means for inwardly inclining the vehicle body on bends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/80—Interactive suspensions; arrangement affecting more than one suspension unit
    • B60G2204/82—Interactive suspensions; arrangement affecting more than one suspension unit left and right unit on same axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/80—Interactive suspensions; arrangement affecting more than one suspension unit
    • B60G2204/83—Type of interconnection
    • B60G2204/8304—Type of interconnection using a fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
    • B60G2300/12—Cycles; Motorcycles
    • B60G2300/122—Trikes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
    • B60G2300/45—Rolling frame vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Axle Suspensions And Sidecars For Cycles (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
  • Automatic Cycles, And Cycles In General (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

本发明描述一种三轮或四轮摩托车平稳控制***，所述摩托车有两对前后轮或一个前轮两个后轮或两个前轮一个后轮，所述***包括每对车轮上的连接车轮轮毂的杠杆***(1)，一个缓冲器(4)和一个或多个直接安装在所述车轮之间或所述杠杆***与车架或底盘(6)上一个固定点之间的阻尼器(5，6)。

Description

三轮或四轮摩托车平稳控制***
技术领域：
本发明涉及三轮或四轮摩托车类交通工具，更特别的是三轮或四轮摩托车类交通工具的平稳控制***。 
背景技术：
本发明涉及具有三轮或四轮(其中至少2个是成对的)摩托车类交通工具，所述交通工具可以像传统摩托车或自行车那样侧向角内倾斜。参照图1为这种交通工具处于垂直位置(实线)和倾斜位置(虚线)的主视或后视轮廓图。 
这个特性也存在于已知的使用倾摆机构的交通工具中(图2)，这种交通工具通常由连接右轮轮毂2，3和左轮的杠杆***1构成，这种倾摆机构使得交通工具一侧的轮子相对于交通工具向上移动，而另一侧轮子等量向下移动。 
这个机构的典型结构包括一个缓冲器(例如安装在中央位置4)，其包括一个弹簧和一个阻尼器，以吸收地面变化并控制整个交通工具纵向负荷转移。 
在常规形式下，所述的连接机构是机械的，带有纵向或横向臂，具有汽车或摩托车设计领域已知的不同布局。 
第一个机构驱动两个车轮的垂直运动，第二个机构将右轮连接到左轮，使得一个车轮的下降运动对应对侧车轮的相同向上运动，第三个机构将两个车轮都连接到缓冲器，第四个机构(前轮情况下)使得方向盘驱动车辆。 
显然这些机构复杂、体积巨大、沉重、昂贵且难于优化。 
当行驶在崎岖路面，可能在一侧一个车轮上引发的振动进而导致另一侧车轮不能衰减的类似振动，这会引起驾驶性能的下降，包括方向失控以及延长制动距离。 
专利申请WO0244008-A2揭示了一种左右轮之间带耦合***的四轮摩托车，其耦合***由车轮间的杠杆连接和一对双活塞中央阻尼器构成。这个***特别复杂，因为其包括许多机械部件，许多转动、球形和滑动联轴节，这些部件昂贵、难组装且易磨损不耐用，最后使得车辆不能使用，或维修费高昂。 
左右轮之间的简单机械连接不能阻尼振动或摆动，而这种情形在行驶在崎岖地形，或者车轮开始失去抓力(即“震颤”，例如当很难制动或高角速转弯时就会发生)时会更严重。 
其它现有摩托车平稳控制***已知。 
EP-1362779-A2显示在摩托车的一对或两对车轮中一个或多个阻尼器位于所述车轮之间或所述杠杆***和摩托车底盘一个固定点之间。 
DE-9414724-U1显示两个液压缸在两端通过管互连。在缸中存在油，其可以通过管在缸之间流动。缸中活塞将缸的腔分成两个部分，彼此不互通，所以两个上腔中油的运动对应着下腔中的相反运动。 
WO-97/27071-A1和WO-0244008-A2显示两个液压缸在顶端通过管在上端互连，设有或不设有连接到管的蓄存器。缸的活塞下方的下腔是空的并且基于摩托车的平稳自由移动。 
已知***不能完全克服缺点。例如，当摩托车的倾斜达到轮胎抓力限制，已知***不能帮助限制倾角增加的负面影响或者突然摔倒。 
发明内容：
因此本发明的目的是提供一种三轮或四轮摩托车的平稳控制***以避免所述这些缺点。 
本发明的目标是如权利要求1所述的三轮或四轮摩托车平稳控制***。 
从属权利要求描述了特定实施例。 
附图说明：
本发明进一步的目标和优点在实施例的详细描述和附图中更清晰，其中： 
图1和2显示带有已知类型平稳控制***的摩托车的主视轮廓图； 
图3，4，5，6显示带有基于本发明平稳控制***不同变形的摩托车主视轮廓图； 
图7，8和9显示基于本发明的三种摩托车平稳控制装置； 
图10显示图7中装置实际连接到摩托车上。 
附图中相同标号指示相同部件。 
具体实施方式：
基于本发明的主要方面，车辆的平稳控制是通过在摩托车的一对或两对车轮***至少一个阻尼器，所述阻尼器直接安装在车轮摆动机构或一个或两对摆臂和靠近摆臂或车轮的车辆底盘的一个固定点之间。 
所述阻尼器被调整以便可以阻尼不受欢迎的高频摆动但不干涉车辆转弯时倾斜导致的低速摆动(这会使得操作降低并且易于使用车辆)。 
所示的，阻尼效果对于频率低于0.5Hz的摆动是低的，对于更高的频率(高于2Hz)则效果更高。 
阻尼单元也可以是可调整型，以使得车辆适应驾驶者以及道路和地形特征的要求。 
在本***可能的变形中，可以添加一个锁定装置以阻止阻尼器的运动，进而阻止车辆的倾摆。这个功能非常有用，例如，当泊车时，或者当车辆停止时。这个机构可以是机械锁，例如机械连接情况下的盘式制动器和卡钳，或者液压连接情况下的阀。 
图3，4，5中显示可以安装阻尼器的不同位置并不限制于机械布局。 
例如，在图3中，阻尼器5被直接安装在一对车轮中一个的轮毂(例如轮毂2)和底盘的一个固定点之间。图4中，两个阻尼器5和6被直接安装在两对车轮的轮毂和底盘的两个固定点之间。图5中，阻尼器5被安装在连接机构1和一个轮毂2之间，或者在连接机构和车辆底盘之间。 
图6显示四轮摩托车的一个实例，其中所示部分包括一对车轮7和8，以及各自的铰接到底盘11和12的摆臂9和10。图6还显示连接机构1基于图1、2的布局的连接。 
基于本发明被连接在车轮7的摆臂9的点9’和底盘上固定点5’之间的阻尼器5并没有显示在图中。 
阻尼器5或6可以是已知类型的，例如油压活塞或气体活塞。 
基于本发明另一实施例，路面阻尼功能可以归咎于摆动阻尼器5和6，进而消除了中央缓冲器4的阻尼功能，该缓冲器可以被简单的弹簧替代。 
基于本发明另一实施例，进一步演变的***包括用液压连接替代两个阻尼器的机械连接用来提升和降低相对的车轮。 
参照图7，***包括连接到管23和24的两个液压缸21和22。在所述缸体内部各自的活塞25和26由连杆27和28滑动。在缸体内液体(通常为油，但不限于油)流过所述管。活塞将缸体腔分成两个部分，彼此不连通，这样在两个上腔的流体运动对应着下腔的相反运动相。 
缸体通过铰链21’和22’连接到车辆底盘，而连杆通过铰链27’和28’连接到各自轮毂(或其它任何可连接元件)。 
当车辆倾斜，活塞推动缸体腔内的油通过所述管到达对侧缸体内，进而反向移动连接到连杆的两个车轮。 
可以有蓄存器29，其一端分别液压连接到管23和24。在蓄存器中有两个浮动活塞(或折流板或隔膜)30和31，其将蓄存器内腔分成3个部分：中间部分，与其它部分相隔离，内含加压气体，具有弹簧功能。在引起单个车轮突然运动的崎岖路面情况下，流体运动被蓄存器部分吸收而不是直接流向其他车轮而导致即时运动。 
在这个情况下中央阻尼器4可被蓄存器替代。 
***被调整以传递非阻尼的倾斜运动导致的平滑运动，阻尼崎岖路面导致的突然摆动。 
这可以通过油路校准，流速控制阀和改变蓄存器预载压力来实现。 
也可以通过增加或减少环路中油量来调整车辆的高度。 
还可以通过从左到右封闭油路(或反过来)来锁定车辆在垂直位置(例如停车时)。 
在图8所示变形中，图7中的蓄存器29被分成两个隔离的蓄存器29和29’，这样图7中腔的中间部分被分成两个部分，每个蓄存器一个。 
图9所示***另一变形，可以移除图7所示环路的底部(位于缸体21、22下部中间的管24)，并由加压空气替代它，填充在缸体的下部。单蓄存器29’只连接到上管23。 
这个选项维持了环路功能的两个重要特性：当倾斜角增加，一个缸体中气体可用空间减少，其压力增加，增加***对倾角进一步增加的抗性。这对于帮助骑乘者感受到开始有危险的角度非常有用，因为这时达到轮胎抓力限制。没有这个装置，倾角将继续增加直到车辆达到一些可以立刻阻止进一步倾斜的机械停止。这是一种不很危险但是很不舒服的情况。 
另一优点是车辆的部分“自动复位”能力：在意外跌落的情况下，车轮达到一侧最大倾斜。加压气体帮助驾驶者向上提升车辆，重新驾驶。 
图10显示图7所示***中四轮摩托车后悬挂上的应用，其中两个蓄存器一体于单一单元中。 
在***的简化版中，蓄存器可以被去除，因此也消除了控制车辆高度和纵向倾斜(分别抬升或降低前部或后部)的可能性。 
其它实施细节不做描述，本领域技术人员可从上述描述的教导下实现本发明。 
本发明的其它进一步的改变、修改、变化和其他使用和应用，对于本领域技术人员而言在了解本发明说明书及附图和所公开的优选实施例后显而易见。所有这些改变、修改、变化和其他使用和应用不脱离本发明的精神和范围。 

Claims (4)

1.三轮或四轮摩托车平稳控制***，所述摩托车具有一对前轮和一对后轮，或者一个前轮和一对后轮，或者一对前轮和一个后轮，
所述平稳控制***包括位于所述一对或全部车轮上的杠杆***(1)，该杠杆***(1)连接车轮轮毂和一个中央缓冲器，所述平稳控制***包括位于所述一对或全部车轮之间的一个或多个阻尼器(5，6)，所述阻尼器直接位于所述车轮之间或者位于所述杠杆***(1)和摩托车底盘上的一个固定点之间，所述阻尼器(5，6)包括两个液压缸(21，22)，所述液压缸在其一端通过第一管(23)互连，所述缸中各自活塞(25，26)通过各自连杆(27，28)滑动，所述活塞将所述缸的各自腔分成两个部分，彼此不互通，在与所述第一管(23)连通的缸的所述两部分中的第一部分中存在通过所述第一管流经所述缸体的液体，所述缸和所述连杆通过扣件(21’，22’，27’，28’)被连接到底盘或各自轮毂，其特征在于在所述缸的所述两部分中的封闭的第二部分中存在加压气体。
2.如权利要求1所述的三轮或四轮摩托车平稳控制***，其特征在于进一步包括一个第一蓄存器(29’)，所述蓄存器的一端被液压连接到所述第一管(23)，在所述第一蓄存器(29’)中设有浮动活塞(33)，所述浮动活塞形成与液体环路其他部分隔离的腔，在腔中有加压气体。
3.如权利要求1所述的三轮或四轮摩托车平稳控制***，其特征在于所述液压缸被连接在车轮轮毂(2，3)和底盘上的所述固定点之间。
4.如权利要求1所述的三轮或四轮摩托车平稳控制***，其特征在于所述液压缸被连接在车轮摆臂(9，10)的各自点(9’)和底盘上的所述固定点之间。
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ATE465937T1 (de) 2010-05-15
CA2657851C (en) 2013-12-24
CN101511617A (zh) 2009-08-19
ES2344997T3 (es) 2010-09-13
PT2046589E (pt) 2010-07-30
WO2008011917A1 (en) 2008-01-31
CA2657851A1 (en) 2008-01-31
DE602006014031D1 (de) 2010-06-10
JP2009544509A (ja) 2009-12-17
EP2046589B1 (en) 2010-04-28
EP2046589A1 (en) 2009-04-15
MX2009001073A (es) 2009-04-15
US8286978B2 (en) 2012-10-16
JP5289312B2 (ja) 2013-09-11
US20090121448A1 (en) 2009-05-14

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