CN101175293B - Calling method adopting PUSH mode - Google Patents

Calling method adopting PUSH mode Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101175293B
CN101175293B CN2006100634271A CN200610063427A CN101175293B CN 101175293 B CN101175293 B CN 101175293B CN 2006100634271 A CN2006100634271 A CN 2006100634271A CN 200610063427 A CN200610063427 A CN 200610063427A CN 101175293 B CN101175293 B CN 101175293B
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calling
terminal
message
qos resource
resource reservation
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CN101175293A (en
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文楷
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2007/070903 priority patent/WO2008052461A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
    • H04L47/78—Architectures of resource allocation
    • H04L47/781—Centralised allocation of resources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/15—Flow control; Congestion control in relation to multipoint traffic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
    • H04L47/72—Admission control; Resource allocation using reservation actions during connection setup
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
    • H04L47/82—Miscellaneous aspects
    • H04L47/824—Applicable to portable or mobile terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W28/26—Resource reservation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W80/00—Wireless network protocols or protocol adaptations to wireless operation
    • H04W80/08—Upper layer protocols
    • H04W80/10—Upper layer protocols adapted for application session management, e.g. SIP [Session Initiation Protocol]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a call method applying the PUSH mode, which belongs to the telecommunication technology. In a call procedure, a QoS resource is reserved, and a QoS resource reservation result carried by a SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) protocol extension header field is sent to a terminal; a P-Media-Authorization header field is applied to extend the QoS resource reservation result. The procedure includes three steps; firstly, a calling terminal sends a message to a called terminal, the message carries the offer information of the session description protocol; secondly, the called terminal returns a message to a call agent, the message carries the answer information of the session description protocol; thirdly, the call agent fulfils an offer / answer matching, the QoSresource is reserved according to a matching result, and a result is transferred to the calling or called terminal. The present invention enables the terminal to know if the reservation of a QoS resource succeeds, moreover, the present invention enhances and improves the call procedure of QoS resource reservation in the PUSH mode, and therefore practicability is strong.

Description

Calling method using PUSH mode
Technical Field
The present invention relates to an electric communication technology, and more particularly, to a call method using PUSH mode.
Background
The Quality of Service (QoS) Quality assurance system is applied to the Internet technology, and the specific implementation methods thereof are various. A simple method may be to equip the router with more memories, perform lossy or lossless compression on pictures, videos, and audio files, or implement HTTP compression on the Web server, which may also solve the problem of bandwidth, but increase the load on the server CPU. If these simple methods cannot solve the problem, some complicated policies, such as Type of Service (ToS), Integrated Service (Integrated Services), Differentiated Service (DiffServ), or Traffic shaping (Traffic shape) Service, need to be adopted to implement QoS.
Driven by real-time services such as broadband telephone or Voice over IP, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) proposes an IntServ model, which is a QoS mechanism based on flow, strictly controls resources and provides strict QoS guarantee for application, but has the problem of expansibility, and IntServ cannot be applied in a large scale because each router through which a service flow passes must maintain a soft state for the IntServ. In order to solve the scalability problem, the IETF proposes a DiffServ model, where DiffServ is a class-based QoS mechanism, and it is successful in deployment, but it can only provide relative QoS guarantee, and especially cannot guarantee QoS when the bandwidth is insufficient.
In recent years, a dynamic QoS control mechanism based on a session is gradually becoming a research direction, under the framework, QoS resources required by the session are sensed in a control plane, admission control is carried out on the QoS resource request required by the session, and enforcement of QoS policies approved by a service plane is completed in a media plane.
For such a session-based dynamic QoS control mechanism, many standards organizations are currently researching similar mechanisms, such as Internet engineering task force IETF, International Telecommunication Union (ITU), telecommunication and Internet converged Services and advanced network Protocols (TISPAN: Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for advanced networking), third Generation partnership project (3 GPP: The 3rd Generation partnership project), and so on.
The session-based dynamic QoS control mechanism specifically includes two implementation modes, PULL and PUSH. The PULL mode and the PUSH mode are respectively suitable for different application scenes, and are not only related to the type of the terminal, but also related to an access network.
The PULL mode has specific requirements on the terminal, the terminal is required to support the authorization token, and the classification is carried out according to the support of QoS, and the ITU describes the following three types of terminals:
1. the terminal does not sense the QoS, and the terminal does not have QoS interaction capability at a service layer and a transmission layer. The terminal may initiate a service request but will not express the required QoS resources.
2. And the service layer QoS is perceived, and the terminal can express the QoS resource requirement through service layer signaling but has no transmission layer QoS negotiation capability.
3. And the terminal supports the QoS negotiation protocol of the transmission layer besides the service layer QoS sensing capability. For example, RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol) or the like is supported, and layer 2QoS aware protocols such as 802.1p, PDP Context, etc. are supported.
The terminals meeting the PULL mode requirement are the third class terminals, i.e. the terminals have the service layer and transport layer QoS capabilities. In practice, however, a large number of current user terminals are of the second type. For the service request of such terminal, the PUSH mode shown in fig. 1 is applied to reserve QOS resources, and the control flow is as follows:
1) terminal UA1, which does not support transport layer QoS reservation signaling (such as RSVP), initiates a call INVITE (inviting the user to join the call), and the Offer of the session description protocol SDP carried in the request indicates the media channel type desired by the caller. The called terminal UA2 sends back 183(200 response) a reply Answer carrying SDP.
2) The call agent determines the relevant attribute of the media channel according to the Offer/Answer, and carries out authorization authentication on the QoS resource corresponding to the media channel to be established. After the authorization is passed, the corresponding QoS strategy is directly issued to the boundary router for execution, and the boundary router immediately performs corresponding resource reservation on the specific media channel according to the QoS strategy.
In subsequent communication, when the media stream between the calling terminal UA1 and the called terminal UA2 passes through the border router, corresponding QoS resource reservation is already obtained, and protocol interaction of QoS resource reservation between the terminals UA1 and UA2 and the border router at a transport layer is not required.
The PUSH mode requires that each network device of the access network supports a PUSH interface with an application layer device (such as a call agent), so that the call agent directly pushes a QoS policy to each network device in the access network to perform QoS resource reservation for a specific media stream.
Currently, each network device of the radio access network usually supports a resource reservation protocol of a transport layer, so that a QoS reservation defined by 3GPP is in a PULL mode, and a terminal is usually a second type of terminal in an application of the fixed access network, so that a QoS reservation procedure provided for the fixed access network is defined in an TISPAN RACS architecture as a PUSH mode.
The PUSH mode specific flow shown in fig. 2, wherein:
and in the message 4-message 7, after receiving the 183 response of the called terminal UB, the call agent PROXY completes the SDP Offer/SDP Answer matching, performs media authorization with the PDP in interaction, authorizes the QoS resource reservation of the media stream, and then sends the QoS strategy policy. Subsequently, the user terminals UA1, UA2 may directly send and receive the respective media streams.
Unlike the PULL mechanism of 3GPP, the reservation operation of PUSH mode resources is actively completed by the network device, and the terminal does not need to actively initiate the QoS resource reservation process in the transport layer through the obtained flag or Token, so that in the PUSH mode, the terminal of the fixed access network cannot explicitly know whether the corresponding QoS resources have been successfully reserved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a calling method adopting a PUSH mode so as to overcome the defect that a terminal in the prior art cannot know whether QoS resources are reserved successfully or not.
The invention adopts a PUSH mode calling method, which is characterized in that: in the calling process, QoS resources are reserved and QoS resource reservation results are transmitted to a terminal, wherein the QoS resource reservation results are carried through an SIP protocol extension header domain; the method comprises the following steps:
A. a calling terminal sends a message, and the message is sent to a called terminal through a call agent, wherein the message carries the providing information SDP Offer of a session description protocol;
B. the called terminal responds a message to the call agent, wherein the message carries a reply message SDP Answer of a session description protocol;
C. the call agent finishes providing Offer and Answer matching, carries out QoS resource reservation according to the matching result, carries the QoS resource reservation result in the message and transmits the QoS resource reservation result to the calling terminal or the called terminal.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention transmits the QoS resource reservation result to the terminal, the QoS resource reservation result is carried by the SIP protocol expansion head domain, the terminal can directly know whether the QoS resource is reserved successfully, the defects of the prior art are overcome, the invention expands the call signaling of PUSH mode, the QoS resource reservation result is carried by the SIP protocol expansion head domain (such as P-Media-Authorization head domain), the call flow of PUSH mode QoS resource reservation is enhanced and perfected, and the QoS resource reservation result is carried in the SIP message and is informed to the user terminal.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a network connection in a PUSH mode according to the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a control flow in a PUSH mode according to the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a basic control flow in PUSH mode according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary control flow in PUSH mode according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary control flow of the PUSH mode of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating another exemplary control flow of the PUSH mode of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the PreCondition control flow under PUSH mode of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures and examples:
in the calling process of the invention, QoS resources are reserved and the QoS resource reservation result is transmitted to a QOS resource reservation request party, and the QoS resource reservation result is carried by a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) extension header field.
As shown in fig. 3, the Call agent (P-CSCF) performs QoS resource reservation after SDP Offer/Answer matching is completed, and indicates the QoS resource reservation result to the originating party through an SIP message carrying Answer.
As shown in fig. 3, the basic control flow is as follows:
A) message 1-message 2: the terminal of the Offer party (namely the calling terminal) sends a message to the terminal of the Answer party (namely the called terminal), wherein the message carries the provided information SDP Offer of the session description protocol;
B) message 3: the terminal of Answer party responds message to the calling agent P-CSCF, wherein the Answer message carries the Answer message SDP Answer of the session description protocol;
C) and message 4: the call agent completes Offer/Answer matching, performs QoS resource reservation according to the matching result, carries the QoS resource reservation result (QoS reservation indication) in the message, and transmits the QoS resource reservation result to the terminal of the Offer party.
The specific expression of the QoS resource reservation result may be multiple, for example, the existing P-Media-Authorization (P-Media-Authorization) header field may be utilized to expand the parameters carried by the header field, and the QoS resource reservation result is notified to the terminal by carrying the P-Media-Authorization header field and carrying "QoS resource reservation failure" or "QoS resource reservation success" in the SIP message.
As shown in fig. 4, the figure includes two call agents P-CSCF1 and P-CSCF2, which respectively provide services for terminals UA1 and UA2 (shown as UA1 initiating SDP Offer and UA2 sending SDP Answer back).
In the example of fig. 4, it is reflected that the call agent performs resource reservation for the access side and sends the resource reservation result of the access side to the terminal of the local side.
After receiving Answer, the call agent P-CSCF1 reserves QoS resources for the terminal UA1, and sends the reservation result to the terminal on its own side, that is, the terminal UA1 that initiates SDP Offer, carrying "QoS resource reservation indication" in the SIP message carrying Answer.
After receiving the Answer, the call agent P-CSCF2 reserves QOS resources for terminal UA2, and at this time, transmits an SIP message to terminal UA1, so that it cannot immediately notify terminal UA2 serving itself of the reservation result, but sends the reservation result to terminal UA2, that is, terminal UA2 returning SDP Answer, by carrying a "QOS resource reservation indication" in any subsequent SIP message sent from terminal UA1 to terminal UA 2.
As shown in fig. 4, the basic control flow is as follows:
a) message 1-message 3: the terminal UA1 sends out SIP message carrying SDPOffer of session description protocol to the terminal UA 2;
b) and message 4: a terminal UA2 sends an SIP message carrying Answer information SDP Answer of a session description protocol to a call agent P-CSCF 2; and the P-CSCF2 adopts a PUSH mode to reserve QOS resources for the UA2 according to the SDP matching result. The P-CSCF2 saves the reservation results for QOS resource reservations made by UA2, at which point UA2 cannot yet be informed about the results of the resource reservations. The P-CSCF2 continues forwarding SIP messages carrying the SDPAnswer.
c) Message 5-message 6: the call agent P-CSCF1 receives the SIP message carrying the SDP Answer, completes the Offer/Answer matching, uses PUSH mode to reserve QoS resource for the UA1 according to the matching result, forwards the SIP message carrying the SDP Answer to the UA1 terminal after the resource reservation is finished, and carries the reservation result (Sresult indication) of QoS resource reservation for the terminal UA1 in the SIP message.
d) Message 7-message 8: sending a SIP message by the terminal UA1 to the terminal UA2 to the call proxy P-CSCF 2;
e) message 9: the call agent P-CSCF2 sends a SIP message to the terminal UA2, and according to the saved reservation result of QOS resource reservation for the terminal UA2, the SIP message carries an indication indicating the reservation result (QOS indication) of QOS resource reservation for the terminal UA2 to the UA 2.
As shown in fig. 5, a specific control flow of the present invention is illustrated as follows:
message 1-message 3: a calling terminal Caller sends a call request INVITE which carries SDPOffer;
and message 4: the called terminal Call responds 183 and carries the SDP Answer to the called side calling agent P-CSCF.
And message 5: the called side calling agent P-CSCF completes the Offer/Answer matching, the QoS resource reservation is carried out through the interaction of the Service-based Policy Decision Function (SPDF), the QoS resource reservation fails, and the called side calling agent P-CSCF saves the reservation result and continues to forward 183 response.
And message 6: the calling side calling agent P-CSCF receives the 183 response, completes the SDP Offer/Answer matching, interacts and reserves the QoS resource failure through a service-based policy decision function SPDF, further carries the calling side QoS resource reservation result in the 183 response and transmits the result to the calling terminal Caller (for example, through a P-Media-Authorization header domain), and the calling terminal Caller receives the 183 response and knows the calling side QoS resource reservation failure according to the P-Media-Authorization.
Message 7-message 12: the called side P-CSCF2 carries the QOS resource reservation result of the called side to the called terminal call through the P-Media-Authorization header field by means of a Provisional response acknowledgement message (PRACK). The called terminal Callee receives the PRACK, and knows that the QoS resource reservation of the local side fails according to the P-Media-Authorization.
In addition to the method, the P-CSCF informs the terminal of the local side of the reservation result of the QOS resources, and the P-CSCF can also transmit the reservation result of the QOS resources of the local side to the other side of the call through the SIP message.
As shown in fig. 6, in this example, the called side call agent P-CSCF completes the Offer/Answer matching, performs QoS resource reservation through Service-based Policy decision function (SPDF) interaction, and the QoS resource reservation fails, and the called side call agent P-CSCF adds a relevant SIP header field in the 183 response to indicate that the called side P-CSCF fails to perform QoS resource reservation, and transmits this indication information to the calling side call agent P-CSCF.
After the calling side calling proxy P-CSCF reserves the QOS resource for the calling terminal, the QOS resource reservation result indication of the calling side is added, and the forwarding 183 response is continued. Therefore, when the calling terminal receives the 183 response, the QOS resource reservation conditions of the local terminal and the remote terminal can be respectively obtained.
Furthermore, the QOS resource reservation result of the calling side and the called side can be transmitted to the called terminal through a subsequent request message PRACK from the calling terminal to the called terminal, so that the called terminal can also know the QOS resource reservation condition of the local terminal and the remote terminal.
According to the RFC3312(Integration of Resource Management and Session initiation protocol) protocol, the calling terminal may require PreCondition when initiating a Session, that is, after QoS Resource reservation of the calling and called sides is successful, the called side terminal starts ringing and the calling terminal listens to a ring back tone.
Fig. 7 shows a PreCondition flow in the PULL mode (only indicating a flow between terminals, and omitting network devices), where the calling terminal Caller and the called terminal Callee complete the matching between SDP Offer and SDP Answer through messages (1) -message (4), and start resource reservation in the PULL mode respectively. When the QoS resource of the calling side is successfully reserved, the calling terminal Caller sends an UPDATE message to the called terminal Callee to inform the called terminal Callee that the QoS resource of the calling side is successfully reserved; if the QoS resource of the called side is also reserved successfully, the called terminal Callee rings and sends 180 responses to the calling terminal Caller, and the calling terminal Caller user listens to the ring back tone.
In the PUSH mode, the terminal can not directly obtain the result of resource reservation, and by adopting the method of the invention, after the calling terminal Caller obtains the result of QoS resource reservation, the UPDATE can be sent according to the requirement of the PreCondition flow to inform the other terminal (called terminal Callee) that the QoS resource of the calling side has been successfully reserved, so that the PreCondition flow can be normally carried out.
For the calling process adopting PreCondition extension PreCondition, the terminal does not know when to send UPDATE to the opposite terminal to inform the home terminal of the message of reserving successful QOS resources, the prior PUSH mode can not realize the PreCondition calling process, but in the invention, the calling agent and the called agent finish Offer/Answer matching, interact with a transmission layer, reserve QoS resources, carry the QoS resource reservation result of the calling side and the called side in response and transmit the QoS resource reservation result to the calling terminal, when the QoS resource reservation of the calling side is successful, the calling terminal sends UPDATE message to the called terminal, and the PreCondition calling process can be realized.
In the present invention, the calling terminal or the called terminal may perform the following operations based on the received "QoS resource reservation result indication":
if the calling terminal or the called terminal is an intelligent terminal, the calling terminal or the called terminal is presented to the user in a user readable mode; if the calling terminal or the called terminal is an IAD terminal, the calling terminal or the called terminal informs the user by a specified prompt tone.
Based on the received QoS resource reservation result indication, the method of the invention can make the following operations by the user terminal:
the user terminal is informed of the received "QoS resource reservation result indication". For example, in the case of a smart terminal, the user is presented with a user-readable form, and in the case of an IAD terminal, the user is notified with a specific alert tone. In the case of no QOS PreCondition, when QOS resources are not reserved successfully on a certain side, the user can still choose to terminate the call from the signaling plane or try to continue the call using best-effort QOS service. In the PUSH mode of the prior art, when the call agent fails to reserve the QoS resources, the call is directly released, and obviously, the invention provides more flexible selection for the user.
Therefore, in the invention, the terminal acquires the information whether the QoS resource reservation is successful, and the user can make more flexible selections based on the information, for example, when the calling terminal or the called terminal is an intelligent terminal, the information can be presented to the user in a user readable mode; when the calling terminal or the called terminal is an IAD terminal, a designated prompt tone can be used for notifying a user; if the QoS resource of the calling side or the called side is not reserved successfully, the user can terminate the call from the signaling layer or try to maintain the QoS service to continue the call.
In summary, the present invention enhances and perfects the call flow of the PUSH mode QoS resource reservation by transmitting the QoS resource reservation result to the terminal, and has strong practicability.
Although the present invention has been described in connection with the specific embodiments, it is obvious that many alternatives and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the above teachings, and will not be described herein again.

Claims (9)

1. A calling method using PUSH mode is characterized in that: in the calling process, QoS resources are reserved and QoS resource reservation results are transmitted to a terminal, wherein the QoS resource reservation results are carried through an SIP protocol extension header domain; the method comprises the following steps:
A. a calling terminal sends a message, and the message is sent to a called terminal through a call agent, wherein the message carries the providing information SDP Offer of a session description protocol;
B. the called terminal responds a message to the call agent, wherein the message carries a reply message SDP Answer of a session description protocol;
C. the call agent finishes providing Offer and Answer matching, carries out QoS resource reservation according to the matching result, carries the QoS resource reservation result in the message and transmits the QoS resource reservation result to the calling terminal or the called terminal.
2. The method for calling in PUSH mode according to claim 1, wherein: the step A comprises the following steps:
a calling terminal sends a message, the message is forwarded to a called side calling agent through a calling side calling agent, and the called side calling agent sends the message to a called terminal, wherein the message carries the SDP Offer information of a session description protocol;
the step B comprises the following steps:
the called terminal responds a message to a called side call agent, wherein a session description protocol reply message SDP Answer is carried; the called side call agent forwards the message to the calling side call agent.
3. The method for calling in PUSH mode according to claim 2, wherein:
the step C comprises the following steps;
c1, the called side call agent completes the matching of Offer and Answer, interacts with the transmission layer, reserves QoS resource, carries the called side QoS resource reservation result in the response and transmits it to the calling side call agent;
c2, calling side call agent receives the response, completes the matching of Offer and Answer, interacts with the transmission layer, reserves QoS resource, and transmits the result to the calling terminal.
4. The method for calling in PUSH mode according to claim 3, wherein: the step C2 further includes the following steps:
c3, when the QoS resource reservation of the calling side is successful, the calling terminal sends UPDATE message to the called terminal.
5. The method for calling in PUSH mode according to claim 4, wherein: the step C3 is further followed by the step C4:
and C4, if the QoS resource of the called side is also reserved successfully, the called terminal rings and sends 180 response to the calling terminal.
6. The method for calling in PUSH mode according to claim 2, wherein:
the step C comprises the following steps:
C1) the called side call agent completes the matching of Offer and Answer, interacts with the transmission layer, reserves QoS resources, carries the called side QoS resource reservation result in the response and transmits the result to the calling terminal;
C2) and sending the reservation result of the called side to the called terminal by carrying a QOS resource reservation indication in the subsequent SIP message sent from the calling terminal to the called terminal.
7. The method for calling in PUSH mode according to claim 2, wherein:
the step C comprises the following steps;
c1) the called side call agent completes the matching of Offer and Answer, interacts with the transmission layer and reserves QoS resources;
c2) when the SIP message is sent to the called terminal by the calling terminal, the called side call agent carries the QoS resource reservation result of the called side in the SIP message and sends the SIP message to the called terminal.
8. The method for calling in PUSH mode according to any of claims 2-7, wherein: when the calling terminal and the called terminal are intelligent terminals, the QoS resource reservation result is presented to the user in a user readable mode; or,
when the calling terminal and the called terminal are IAD terminals, the QoS resource reservation result informs the user with a designated prompt tone.
9. The method for calling in PUSH mode according to any of claims 2-7, wherein: the QoS resource reservation result is expanded by adopting a P-Media-Authorization header field.
CN2006100634271A 2006-10-30 2006-10-30 Calling method adopting PUSH mode Expired - Fee Related CN101175293B (en)

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CN1623308A (en) * 2002-01-23 2005-06-01 索尼国际(欧洲)股份有限公司 A model for enforcing different phases of the end-to-end negotiation protocol e2enp aiming Qos support for multi-stream and multimedia applications
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