CN101002958A - 带有含液体多羟基聚酯润滑剂和固定剂的润肤液顶层的尿布 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明披露了一种包含带有润肤液组合物涂层的透液顶层的尿布。所述润肤液组合物能减少BM粘附至穿戴者的皮肤上,由此改善了BM的易清除性,并改善了对皮肤的柔软性。该润肤液组合物包含液体多羟基聚酯和固定剂如脂肪酸或石蜡,以将液体多羟基聚酯固定在尿布顶层上。该多羟基聚酯保留在皮肤表面上或附近,提供了所希望的BM清除性和/或治疗的益处。
Description
本申请是申请日为1996年7月25日、申请号为96197365.X、题目为“带有含液体多羟基聚酯润滑剂和固定剂的润肤液顶层的尿布”的分案申请。
技术领域
本申请涉及减少BM粘附至皮肤上,由此改善BM的易清洗性并增加对皮肤的柔软性的润肤液组合物。在本发明中披露的润肤液组合物尤其适用于吸收制品,如尿布,穿戴产品,成人失禁用品等。在优选的实施方案中,本发明涉及在顶层的外表面上带有润肤液涂层的吸收制品,所述润肤液涂层可通过正常的接触和穿戴者的运动和/或身体的热量转移至穿戴者的皮肤上。
背景技术
目前,已有许多种一次性吸收产品,如尿布,这些产品具有很高的吸尿能力。这类一次性吸收产品通常包括某种透液顶层材料,吸收芯和不透液底层材料。虽然这些类型的吸收结构能十分有效地吸收流体,但它们却不能吸收排粪(即,下文所述的“BM”)。通常BM被截获在透液顶层的外表面和穿戴者的皮肤之间,且绝大多数排粪粘附在穿戴者的皮肤上。
为了防止BM粘附至穿戴者的皮肤上,使用者经常在穿戴吸收制品之前,将防护或“驱散”产品如凡士林或矿物油施加至臀部和***区域。该方法通常包括使用者将油或润肤液倒在例如其手中,磨擦双手将油或润肤液分布在其手上,然后将油或润肤液擦在婴儿的皮肤上。为了消除这种不经济的、肮脏的、且易忘的方法的需要,先前已作出了许多努力来制备在顶层上含有防护或治疗性皮肤护理物质的吸收制品。
一种作为润肤液施加至尿布产品上以便赋予减轻痛苦的防护涂层的物质是矿物油。矿物油(也称为液体凡士林)是通过对高沸点(即300-390℃)的石油馏分进行蒸馏而得到的各种液体烃的混合物。在室温例如20-25℃下,矿物油是液体的。因此,甚至在施加至尿布顶层上时,矿物油相对来说是流体并可流动。
由于矿物油在室温为流体并可流动,因此它往往不能保留在顶层的表面上,而是通过顶层迁移至尿布的内部。因此,需要相对大量的矿物油施加至该顶层上,以提供所希望的治疗或防护涂层润肤液的好处。这不仅将增加这些加有润肤液的尿布产品的成本,而且还将出现其它有害的影响。
其中一种有害的影响是,由于大量的矿物油往往会阻断顶层的开口,因此将降低流体的处理性能。另外,由于矿物油迁移至尿布的内部,因此,其往往会起疏水添加剂的作用,于是将降低下面吸收芯(如果使用的话)的吸收性。当所施加的矿物油的量增加时,这种吸收性的减低将变得更为突出。
甚至在不增加其用量时,一旦施加之后,矿物油迁移的趋势也会有其它有害的作用。例如,所施加的矿物油会转移至、转移入和转移通过加有润肤液的尿布产品的包装材料。这便需要阻挡型(barrier-type)包装薄膜来避免矿物油从尿布产品中的阴渗(smearing)或其它的泄漏。
因此,希望提供加有润肤液的尿布产品,该产品:(1)具有希望的治疗或防护涂层的润肤液好处,(2)无需大量在室温为液体的涂层(例如矿物油),(3)不会有害地影向尿布产品的吸收性;和(4)无需用于包装的特殊包封或阻挡材料。
US3,585,998(授于Hayford等人)告知了一种一次性的婴儿尿布,其内衬载有一系列含有婴儿油(baby oil)的可压破的胶囊。该专利指出,在使用尿布之前,希望通过利用家用物品如擀面仗,机械手(hand iron)等施加压力而将胶囊压破。在US3,464,413(授于Goldfarb等人)中使用了同样原理的可压破的胶囊,用来制备能输送药物至伤口的绷带。这两篇专利所披露的物品有一个严重的缺点。即在使用绷带或尿布之前,除非胶囊被施加的压力压破,否则包含在胶囊中的皮肤护理物质要么根本就不能输送,要么只是不均匀地留在未被涂布的皮肤的某些部位上。
US3,896,807(授于Buchalter)告知了一种用乳油配方的固体油相浸渍的制品,在将水份添加至所述固体油相中时,其将形成乳油。该参考文献所披露的制品的主要缺点是,延迟了有益物质从吸收基材转移至皮肤上,并且只是在体液释放时才能实现有益物质的转移。
US3,489,148(授于Duncan等人)告知了一种其中包含有疏水和疏油顶层的婴儿尿布;其中,部分顶层涂有不连续的油质材料的薄膜。在Duncan等人的专利中所披露的尿布的主要缺点在于,在促进尿转移至下面的吸收芯中时,疏水和疏油的顶层的转移速度很慢。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种带亲水顶层、且具有优异液体处理性能的一次性尿布。
本发明的另一个目的是提供在顶层外表面上带有润肤液涂层的、亲水的尿布顶层,所述涂层可转移至穿戴者的皮肤上并有效地减少BM粘附至皮肤上,由此,改善了BM的易清洁性。
本发明的再一个目的是提供加有润肤液的尿布产品,该产品具有:(1)所希望的BM释放,清洁,治疗或防护用的润肤液涂层的好处;(2)无需相当大量的矿物油;(3)对尿布的液体处理性能不会产生副作用;(4)无需特殊的包装用的包封或阻挡材料。
本发明的还有一个目的是提供能有效地减少BM粘附至皮肤上,并且还能改善皮肤柔软性的皮肤护理组合物。
正如在阅读了下面内容后将更为清楚,使用本发明实现了这些和其它的目的。
发明内容
本发明涉及在顶层的外表面上带有润肤液涂层的一次性吸收制品,所述润肤液涂层在室温(即20℃)呈半固态或固态并且适于转移至穿戴者的皮肤上,另外,在该吸收性制品中,所述涂层还起减少BM粘附至皮肤上的作用,由此改善了BM的易清洁性且增强了皮肤的柔软性。
简单地说,本发明的一次性吸收制品包含:
A)不透液底层;
B)与所述底层相连的、透液的亲水顶层,当所述尿布被穿着时,所述顶层具有朝向所述尿布内部的内表面和朝向穿戴者皮肤的外表面,其中至少部分所述顶层的外表面包含在20℃呈半固态或固态的有效量的润肤液涂层,并且该涂层可部分地转移至穿戴者的皮肤上,所述润肤液涂层包含:
(i)约5-约95%的液体多羟基聚酯润滑剂;
(ii)约5-约95%的能够将所述润滑剂固定在顶片的所述外表面上的试剂,所述固定剂的熔点为至少约35℃;以及
C)置于所述顶层和所述底层之间的吸收芯。
在本发明另一个实施方案中,一次性吸收制品包括:
A)不透液底层;
B)与所述底层相连的、透液的亲水顶层,当所述尿布被穿着时,所述顶层具有朝向所述尿布内部的内表面和朝向穿戴者皮肤的外表面;
C)置于所述顶层和所述底层之间的吸收芯;
D)一种多羟基聚酯。
在至少部分本发明尿布顶层上的润肤液涂层的量优选从约0.1-约25mg/in2(毫克/英寸2),更优选从约1-约10mg/in2。根据本发明的加有润肤液的尿布顶层提供所希望的清洁BM,治疗和/或防护用的润肤液涂层的好处。由于润肤剂基本上固着在顶层的表面上,因此为赋予所希望的皮肤护理好处只需较少量的润肤液组合物。此外,在对本发明的加有润肤液的尿布产品进行包装时,无需特殊的阻挡或包封材料。
正如在下文将进行描述的,本发明的润肤液组合物优选具有这样的熔点分布(melting profile),即在室温它们可相对固定且位于尿布顶层上,在体温时可转移至穿戴者的皮肤上,但在极限储存条件下不会完全成液体。
重要的是,借助正常的接触、穿戴者的运动和/或身体的热量,可容易地将本发明的润肤液组合物转移至皮肤上。不受现有理论的束服,据信该润肤液组合物改变了皮肤的表面能,和/或形成了降低皮肤对BM亲和力的“屏障”。因此,减少了BM粘附至皮肤上的趋势,并且易于清除。另外还据信,多羟基聚酯分子不易渗透入穿戴者的皮肤,而将保留在皮肤表面上或附近,对皮肤提供耐久的润滑感。
本发明提供了下列方面:
(1)一种一次性吸收制品,其特征在于包含:
A)不透液底层;
B)连接所述底层的、透液的顶层,当所述尿布被穿着时,所述顶层具有朝向所述吸收制品内部的内表面和朝向穿戴者皮肤的外表面,其中至少部分所述顶层的外表面包含在20℃呈半固态或固态的有效量的润肤液涂层,并且该涂层可部分地转移至穿戴者的皮肤上,所述润肤液涂层包含:
(i)约5-95%的液体多羟基聚酯润滑剂;该润湿剂包括含有至少4个用脂肪酸或具有至少约2个碳原子和最多30个碳原子的其他有机基团酯化的羟基的多元醇;
(ii)约5-95%的能够将所述润滑剂固定在顶片的所述外表面上的试剂,所说的固定剂的熔点为至少约35℃;以及
C)置于所述顶层和所述底层之间的吸收芯。
(2)根据上述(1)的一次性吸收制品,其中所述液体多羟基聚酯的所述多羟基化合物选自:糖,糖的衍生物,糖醇,聚甘油,季戊四醇,聚乙烯醇及其混合物。
(3)根据上述(1)的一次性吸收制品,其中所述液体多羟基聚酯的所述多羟基化合物选自:***糖,核糖,木糖醇,赤藓醇,葡萄糖,甲基苷,甘露糖,半乳糖,果糖,山梨醇,麦芽糖,乳糖,蔗糖,棉子糖,和麦芽三糖,及其混合物。
(4)根据上述(1)-(3)之一的一次性吸收制品,其中所述脂肪酸或基团是具有8-22个碳原子的羧酸。
(5)根据上述(1)-(3)之一的一次性吸收制品,其中所述脂肪酸或基团选自:脂族、芳香族、聚合成酯的基团,二聚脂肪酸及其混合物。
(6)根据上述(1)-(5)之一的一次性吸收制品,其中所述多羟基聚酯的至少85%的羟基被酯化。
(7)根据上述(1)-(6)之一的一次性吸收制品,其中所述多羟基聚酯包含用完全氢化和部分氢化的棉籽或豆油脂肪酸甲基酯的混合物进行酯化的蔗糖。
(8)根据上述(1)-(7)之一的一次性吸收制品,其中所述的固定剂包括一种固体多羟基聚酯,优选蔗糖聚二十二酸酯。
(9)根据上述(1)-(8)之一的一次性吸收制品,其中将所述的润肤液施加至所述的顶层上,添加量为0.1-25g/m2。
(10)根据上述(1)-(9)之一的一次性吸收制品,还包括在37℃时具有塑性或流体的稠度的聚硅氧烷或硅氧烷蜡润滑剂。
附图说明
图1是表明将本发明的润肤液组合物施加至尿布顶层上的优选方法的流程简图。
图2是表明将本发明的润肤液组合物施加至尿布顶层上的替代方法的流程简图。
图3是根据本发明的尿布形式的吸收制品。
具体实施方式
在本发明中所使用的术语“包含”意指,各种组成、配料或步骤能同时在本发明实践中采用。因此,术语“包含”包括了更受限制的术语“基本由...组成”和“由...组成”。
除非另有说明,在本发明中所使用的所有百分数,比率和比例均以重量计。
A.
吸收制品
在本发明中所使用的术语“吸收制品”指的是吸收并包含身体渗出物的装置,更准确地说,指的是相对穿戴者的皮肤放置以吸收并包含从身体排出的各种渗出物的装置。在本发明中使用的术语“一次性的”,是用来描述在一次使用之后不打算再作为吸收制品而进行洗涤或用其它方法储存或再使用的吸收制品。一次性吸收制品的例子包括妇女卫生内衣类,如妇女卫生巾和内衬裤,尿布,失禁三角裤,尿布夹(diaperholders),训练裤(trainingpants),等等。
一次性吸收制品通常包含:透液顶层、与顶层相连的不透液底层和放置在顶层和底层之间的吸收芯。一次性吸收制品及其组成(包括顶层、底层、吸收芯以及这些部件的任何独立的各层)具有身体表面和衣物表面。在本发明中使用的“身体表面”意指,准备对着穿戴者的身体或贴近身体穿戴的制品或部件的表面,而“衣物表面”在其反面,并且当穿戴该一次性吸收制品时,将对着穿戴者的内衣或与之相贴近。
下面的描述通常将讨论用于一次性吸收制品的吸收芯、顶层和底层材料。应明白的是,除了在本发明中进行一般性描述的那些一次性吸收制品以外,这种一般性描述还适用于在图3如示出的特定的吸收制品的各种部件并在下面作进一步说明。
通常,吸收芯能吸收或保留液体(例如月经,尿和/或其它身体渗出物)。优选该吸收芯是可压缩、可贴合的,且对穿戴者的皮肤是无剌激的。该吸收芯可制成各种各样的尺寸和形状(例如矩形,椭园形,水漏形,“T”形,八字形,不对称形等)。除了本发明的吸收复合材料以外,该吸收芯还可包括各种各样通常用于吸收制品的吸液材料,如精磨木浆,该木浆通常被称为气毡(airfelt)。用于吸收芯中的其它合适的吸收材料的例子包括起皱的纤维衬垫;包括共成型(coform)的熔喷聚合物;化学硬化、改性或交联的纤维素纤维;合成纤维如皱缩的聚酯纤维;泥炭苔;包括单层和叠层的薄页纸;吸收性泡沫;吸收性海绵体;超吸收性聚合物;吸收性凝胶材料;或任何等效材料或等效材料的混合物,或这些材料的混合物。
该吸收芯的构形和结构也可以是各种各样的(例如,该吸收芯可以具有不同的厚度区和/或具有在中央更厚这样的分布;可具有亲水梯度;可具有本发明吸收性复合材料的梯度,超吸收性材料的梯度;或可具有较低的平均密度和较低的平均定量区,例如接收区;或可包含一个或多个层或结构)。然而,该吸收芯的总的吸收能力应与设计负荷和吸收制品的预定用途相匹配。此外,该吸收芯的尺寸和吸收能力可以改变以适应不同的用途,如尿布、失禁垫、内衬裤、常规的妇女卫生巾和过夜的妇女卫生巾,以及适应从婴儿至成人的穿戴者。
该吸收芯可包括常用于吸收制品中的其它吸收部件,例如,防尘层(dusting layer),芯吸层或接收层,或增加穿戴者舒适感的副顶层。
该顶层优选具有柔顺、柔软的手感,并对穿戴者的皮肤无剌激性。此外该顶层是透液的,使液体(例如月经和/或尿)易于透过其厚度。合适的顶层可以由各种材料来制造,如纺织和非纺织材料(例如纤维的无纺布网面);聚合物材料如多孔成形的热塑性薄膜,多孔塑料薄膜,和液压成型的热塑性薄膜;多孔泡沫;网状泡沫;网状热塑性薄膜;和热塑性粗布。合适的纺织和非纺织材料可包括天然纤维(例如木纤维或棉纤维),合成纤维(例如聚合物纤维,如聚酯、聚丙烯、或聚乙烯纤维),或选自天然和合成纤维的混合物。当顶层包含无纺布网面时,该无纺布网面可以通过许多已知的工艺进行制备。例如,该无纺布网面可以是纺粘的、粗梳纱的、湿法成网的、熔喷法、水力缠结的、上述方法的组合等。
底层是不透液的(例如月经和/或尿),并且,尽管也可以使用其它柔软的不透液材料,但优选由薄的塑料薄膜来制造。在本发明中使用的术语“柔软的”指的是,柔顺的并且易于与人体的通常形状和轮廓相一致的材料。该底层将防止被吸收的且包含在吸收芯中的渗出物湿润与吸收制品接触的物品,如床单,短内裤,睡衣和内衣。因此,该底层可包含纺织或无纺材料,聚合物薄膜如聚乙烯或聚丙烯的热塑性薄膜,或复合材料如薄膜涂布的无纺材料。合适的底层是厚度从约0.012mm(0.5密耳(mil))-0.051mm(2.0mils)的聚乙烯薄膜。举例性的聚乙烯薄膜是由ClopayCorporation(Cincinnati,Ohio)制备的薄膜,牌号为P18-1401和由TredegarFilm Products(Terre Haute,Indiana)制备的薄膜,牌号为X P-39385。优选对底层进行压花和/或无光整饰,以提供更为类似布的外观。此外,底层可允许蒸汽从吸收芯中逸出(即底层是可透气的),而同时仍能阻止渗出物通过底层。底层的大小由吸收芯的大小和所选择的确切的吸收制品的设计来限定。
底层和顶层分别放置在吸收芯的衣物表面和身体表面的附近。优选通过已知的固定手段(在图3中没示出),如现有技术中熟知的方法,将吸收芯与顶层,底层或两者连接。然而,预计本发明的实施方案中,不将整个吸收部分粘结至顶层,底层,或两者上。
例如,可以将底层和/或顶层固定至吸收芯上,或通过均匀连续的粘结剂层、带图案的粘结剂层、或一系列粘结剂的独立的线、螺旋线、或点,使底层和顶层相互粘结。业已发现,令人满意的粘结剂由H.B.FullerCompany(St.Paul,Minnesota)制备,牌号为H L-1258或H-2031。固定方法优选将包括,如在US4,573,986(1986.3.4授权于Minetola等人)披露的开放式网状图案的粘结剂丝,在此引入该专利作为参考。开放式网状图案的粘结剂丝的举例性固定方法包括,通过示于US3,911,173(1975.10.7授权于Sprague,Jr.);US4,785,996(1978.11.22授权于Zwieker等人);和US4,842,666(1989.6.27授权于Werenicz)中的装置和方法被旋成螺旋线图案的若干根粘结剂丝的线。在此将这些专利全部引入作为参考。另外,该粘结方法还可包括,热粘结,加压粘结,超声焊接,动力机械粘结,或现有技术中已知的任何合适的粘结方法,或这些粘结方法的结合。
优选的、其中使用本发明润肤液顶层的一次性吸收制品是尿布。在本发明中使用的术语“尿布”指的是通常由婴儿穿戴的吸收制品,和失禁者穿戴在其下身的吸收制品。换句话说,术语“尿布”包括婴儿尿布,训练裤,成人失禁用品等。
图3是本发明的尿布50处于平直、未收缩状态(即由弹性产生的收缩被拉直)的平面图,其中该结构的若干部分被切去,以便更清楚地显示尿布50的结构,其中远离穿戴者的尿布50的部分,即外表面朝向观察者。如图3所示,尿布50优选包含透液顶层520;与顶层520连接的不透液底层530;放置在顶层520和底层530之间的吸收芯540,该吸收芯540具有面对衣物的表面542,面对身体的表面544,侧边546,腰边548,和凸耳549。优选尿布还包括弹性的腿口翻边550;多个表示为560的弹性腰部件;和多个表示为570的锁定体系。
示于图3的尿布50具有一外表面52,与外表面52相反的内表面54,第一腰区56,第二腰区58,和由尿布50的外边缘限定的周边51,其中纵向边缘表示为55,两个端边表示为57。尽管本领域普通技术人员将认识到,通常是根据一对腰区和在腰区之间的裆区来描述尿布,但在本申请中,为使用语简单,将尿布50描述为只有腰区,所述腰区包括通常表示为裆区部分的尿布部分。尿布50的内表面54包括,在使用期间接近穿戴者身体放置的尿布50的部分(即该内表面54通常由至少部分顶层520和与该顶层520相连的其它部件而组成)。外表面52包括远离穿戴者身体放置的尿布50的部分(即外表面52通常由至少部分底层530和与该底层530相连的其它部件而组成)。(在本发明中使用的面对穿戴者的尿布50的部分或其部件也称之为面对身体的表面。同样地,背离穿戴者的部分也被称之为面对衣物的表面。)第一腰区56和第二腰区58分别从周边51的两个端边57延伸至尿布50的横向中心线53。图3还示出了纵向中心线59。
图3示出了尿布50的优选实施方案,其中顶层520和底层530的长度和宽度通常大于吸收芯540的长度和宽度。弹性腿口翻边550和底层530延伸至吸收芯540的边缘以外,以便形成尿布50的周边51。
本发明的尿布可具有许多熟知的构形,其中吸收芯适用于本发明。举例性的构形通常描述于US3,860,003(1975.1.14授权于Buell);US5,151,092(1992.9.29授权于Buell等人);US5,221,274(1993.6.22授权于Buell等人)中。在此将这些专利引入作为参考。另一种能容易地适用于本发明的尿布构形描述于共同待批的美国专利申请顺序号08/203,456(1994.2.28申请)中,在此将其引入作为参考。借助本发明的描述,在这些专利中描述的尿布的吸收芯可适当地包括本发明的吸收性复合材料用作其中所述的吸收性凝胶材料。
特别适用于尿布50的顶层520是通过纺织技术中熟练技术人员已知的方法进行粗梳纱和热粘结的。本发明令人满意的顶层包括约2.2旦的、短纤长度的聚丙烯纤维。在本发明中使用的“短纤长度的纤维”指的是其长度至少约15.9mm(0.625英寸)的那些纤维。优选的是,顶层的定量从约14-25克/米2。合适的顶层由Veratec,Inc.,国际纸张公司的分公司(Walpole,Mass.)制造,牌号为P-8。
尿布50的顶层520优选由亲水材料制成,以促进液体(例如尿)迅速通过该顶层。如果顶层由疏水材料制备,那么至少该顶层的上表面要进行亲水性处理,以致使液体能更迅速地通过该顶层。这将减少可能发生的身体渗出物从顶层的流出而不是通过顶层并被吸收芯吸收。通过利用表面活性剂进行处理,可使该顶层变成亲水性的。利用表面活性剂对顶层进行处理的合适的方法包括,用表面活性剂对顶层材料进行喷涂和将顶层材料浸于表面活性剂中。所述的处理和亲水性的更详细的描述包含在题目为“带有多层吸收层的吸收制品”(“Absorbent Articles with Multiple Layer AbsorbentLayers”)的US4,988,344(1991.1.29授权于Reising等人)中和题目为“带有快速接收的吸收芯的吸收制品”(“Absorbent Articles with Rapid AcquiringAbsorbent Cores”)的US4,988,345(1991.1.29授权于Reising)中,在此将这两篇专利引入作为参考。
在本发明中所述的尿布的优选实施方案中,底层530具有绕整个尿布周边伸出吸收芯最小距离约1.3-约6.4厘米(约0.5-约2.5英寸)的改进的水漏形。
吸收芯540可以取与尿布50相匹配的任何大小和形状。尿布50的一个优选的实施方案是具有不对称的、改进的T-形吸收芯540,其中在第一腰区带有凸耳而在第二腰区通常是矩形的。具有广泛接受性和商业成功的、用作本发明吸收芯的举例性吸收结构被描述于标题为“高密度吸收结构”(“High-Density Absorbent Structures”)的US4,610,678(1986.9.9授权于Weisman等人);标题为“带有双层芯的吸收制品”(“Absorbent Articles withDual-Layered Cores”)的US4,673,402(1987.6.16授权于Weisman等人);标题为“带有防尘层的吸收芯”(“Absorbent Core Having a Dusting Layer”)的US4,888,231(1989.12.19授权于Angstadt);和标题为“具有低密度和低定量接收区的高密度吸收元件”的US4,834,735(1989.5.30授权于Alemany等人)中。此外,吸收芯还可包括,包含放置在吸收储存芯上面的、化学挺硬纤维的接收/分布芯的双芯体系,如详述于标题为“带有弹性腰部件和增强的吸收性的吸收制品”的US5,234,423(1993.8.10授权于Alemany等人);和标题为“失禁控制用的高效吸收制品”的US5,147,345(1992.9.15授权于Young,LaVon和Taylor)中。在此引入这些专利作为参考。
在优选的实施方案中,尿布50还包含弹性的腿口翻边550,以提供改善的液体和其它的身体渗出物的容量;提供改善的配合性和容量的弹性腰部件560;和形成侧面锁合的锁紧体系570,所述侧面锁合将使第一腰区56和第二腰区58呈搭接构形,以致使沿尿布的四周保持侧向张力,以便将尿布保持在穿戴者的身上。另外,尿布50还可以包含在腰区56和58中的弹性侧翼(未示出),以提供可弹性伸长的部件,所述部件提供了更为舒适和服贴的配合,并能更有效地应用于尿布50中。
弹性腿口翻边550能以许多不同的构形来构成,包括描述于US3,860,003;US4,909,803(1990.3.20授权于Aziz等人);US4,695,278(1987.9.22授权于Lawson);和US4,795,454(1989.1.3授权于Dragoo)中的构型,在此引入这些专利作为参考。
弹性腰部件优选包含可以以许多不同构形构成的弹性腰带(未示出),它们包括描述于US4,515,595(1985.5.7授权于Kievit等人);US5,026,364(1991.6.25授权于Robertson);和上面参考的US5,151,092(1992.9.29授权于Buell等人),在此引入这些文献作为参考。
弹性侧翼可以许多构形来构成。带有放置在尿布凸耳(耳翼)中的弹性侧翼的尿布的例子披露于US4,857,067(1989.8.15授权于Wood等人);US4,381,781(1983.5.3授权于Sciaraffa等人);US4,938,753(1990.7.3授权于Van Gompel等人);和US5,151,092(1992.9.29授权于Buell等人)中;在此引入这些文献作为参考。
举例性的锁紧体系570披露于US4,846,815(1989.7.11授权于Scripps);US4,894,060(1990.1.16授权于Nestegard);US4,946,527(1990.8.7授权于Battrell);US3,848,594(1974.11.19授权于Buell);US B14,662,875(1987.5.5授权于Hirotsu等人);和US5,151,092(1992.9.29授权于Buell等人)中;在此引入这些文献作为参考。
优选通过如下方法将尿布50穿至穿戴者的身上:首先将尿布的一个腰区、优选为第二腰区58放置在穿戴者的背身,并将其余的尿布部分在穿戴者的腿之间穿过,使得是另一腰区、优选是第一腰区56被放置在穿戴者的前身。然后再用锁合***进行侧面锁合。
本发明的加有润肤液的顶层还可用于一次性穿载产品。在此所使用的术语“穿戴产品”指的是带有固定侧边和腿部开口的一次性衣物。通过将穿戴者的腿伸入腿部开口中并使之滑至穿戴者的下身的合适位置而将其穿戴至穿戴者的身上。举例性的穿戴产品披露于US5,246,433(1993.9.21授权于Hasse等人)中。
另一可使用本发明加有润肤液顶层的一次性吸收制品是失禁制品。不管它们被成人穿戴还是被其它失禁者穿戴,术语“失禁制品”指的是垫、内衣(借助同样的悬挂***如带等而固定在适当位置的垫),吸收制品的衬垫,吸收制品的容量增强器,三角裤,床垫等。合适的失禁制品披露于US4,253,461(1981.3.3授权于Strickland等人);US4,597,760和US4,597,761(授权于Buell);上述的US4,704,115;US4,909,802(授权于Ahr等人);US4,964,860(1990.10.23授权于Gipson等人);和US专利申请顺序号07/637,090(Noel等人于1991.1.3申请)(PCT申请号为WO92/11830,1992.7.23出版)中。
B.
润肤液组合物
在20℃、即室温时,本发明的润肤液组合物可以是固体的,或更为经常的是半固体的。“半固体”意指该润肤液组合物具有通常为假塑性或塑性流体的流变学特性。当不施加剪切力时,该润肤液组合物可具有半固体的外观,但是当增加剪切速率时可以流动。这是基于这样的事实,尽管润肤液组合物主要含有固体组份,但它还包括有某些少量的液体组份。
本发明的润肤液组合物在室温至少是半固体的,以便在润肤液组合物施加至一次性吸收制品顶层中的实施方案中,润肤液产生最小程度的迁移。此外,该润肤液组合物具有高于潜在“有应力”储存条件(例如在亚利桑那的仓库,在佛罗里达的汽车行李箱中等)的最终熔点(100%液体),所述该熔点可大于45℃。具体地说,本发明的润肤液组合物应具有下面的熔点分布:
特性
优选范围
最佳值
室温(20℃)时的液体% 2-50 3-25
体温(37℃)时的液体% 25-95 30-90
最终熔点(℃) ≥38 ≥45
由于在室温为固体或半固体,因此,这些润肤液组合物没有流入或迁移入施加润肤液组合物的尿布顶层的内部。这意味着,为赋予所希望的治疗或防护涂层润肤液的好处,只需要较少的润肤液组合物。
当施加至尿布顶层的外表面上时,本发明的润肤液组合物将通过正常的接触、穿戴者的运动和/或身体的热量而转移至穿戴者的皮肤上。重要的是,本发明中披露的润肤液将减少BM粘附至穿戴者的皮肤上,由此改善了BM的易清洁性,并改善了皮肤的柔软性。
本发明的尿布顶层含有有效量的润肤液组合物。在此使用的术语“有效量的润肤液涂层”指的是,当施加至尿布顶层上时,能有效地减少BM粘附至皮肤上和/或改善穿戴者皮肤的柔软性的特定的润肤液组合物的用量。当然,有效量的润肤液涂层在很大程度上将取决于所使用的特定的润肤液组合物。
本发明的润肤液组合物包含:(1)液体多羟基聚酯润滑剂;(2)用于该液体多羟基聚酯的固定剂;(3)任选的亲水性表面活性剂;和(4)其它任选的组份。
所配制的润肤液组合物(包括润滑剂,固定剂和任选组份)的粘度应尽可能地高以阻止润肤液流入尿布的内部。不幸的是,高粘度还可能导致润肤液组合物在没有加工问题的情况下难于施加。因此,必须进行平衡,以便使粘度足以高至使润肤液组合物固定在尿布顶层的表面上,但并没高至产生加工问题。当在60℃进行测量时,润肤液组合物合适的粘度通常从约5-约200厘泊,优选从约15-约100厘泊。
多羟基聚酯
“多羟基化合物”指的是至少含4个羟基,优选含4-12个羟基,最佳含6-8个羟基的多元醇。多羟基化合物包括单糖,二糖和三糖,糖醇,其它的糖的衍生物(例如烷基糖苷),聚甘油(例如二聚甘油和三聚甘油),季戊四醇和聚乙烯醇。优选的多羟基化合物包括:木糖,***糖,核糖,木糖醇,赤藓醇,葡萄糖,甲基苷,甘露糖,半乳糖,果糖,山梨醇,麦芽糖,乳糖,蔗糖,棉子糖和麦芽三糖。其中尤其优选的多羟基化合物是蔗糖。
“多羟基聚酯”意指至少带有4个酯基的多羟基化合物。尽管无需使所有多羟基化合物的羟基都发生酯化,但二糖聚酯应具有不多于3个,更优选不多于2个未酯化的羟基。通常,基本上所有多羟基化合物的羟基(例如至少约85%)被酯化。在蔗糖聚酯的情况下,多羟基化合物的通常约7-8个羟基被酯化。
“液体多羟基聚酯”意指,在约37℃或以下温度具有流体稠度的、下文将进行描述的多羟基聚酯。“固体多羟基聚酯”意指在约37℃或以上温度具有塑性或固体稠度的、下文将进行描述的多羟基聚酯。正如下文将要描述的那样,液体多羟基聚酯和固体多羟基聚酯可分别作为润滑剂和固定剂成功地用于本发明的润肤液组合物中。在某些场合,固体多羟基聚酯还可以提供某些润滑功能。
可使用至少含2个碳原子以及最多30碳原子的脂肪酸和/或其它有机基团来酯化多羟基化合物。通常,所述的脂肪酸和/或其它有机基团含有8-22个碳原子,更优选的是至少含12-16个碳原子。酸性基团可以是饱和的或不饱和的,包括位置异构体或几何异构体,例如顺式-或反式-异构体,直链或支链的脂族或芳香族类,并且对于所有酯基而言可以是相同的,或可以是不同酸基的混合物。另外,也可使用环脂族如环己烷羧酸和聚合的成酯基团如聚丙烯酸和二聚脂肪酸来酯化多羟基化合物。
液体多羟基聚酯和不易消化的油在约37℃或更低的温度下具有完整的熔点。适用于本发明的合适的液体的不易消化食用油包括液体多羟基聚酯(参见Mattson & Volpenhein,US3,600,186(1971.8.17出版,Jandacek);US4,005,195(1977.1.25出版));三羧酸的液体酯(参见Hamm的US4,508,746,1985.4.2出版);二羧酸的液体二酯,如丙二酸和丁二酸的衍生物(参见Fulcher的US4,582,927;1986.4.15出版);α-支链羧酸的液体甘油三酯(参见Whyte的US3,579,548;1971.5.18出版);包含新戊基部分的液体醚和醚酯(参见Minich的US2,962,419,1960.11.9出版);聚甘油的液体脂肪聚醚(参见Hunter等人的US3,932,532;1976.1.13出版);液体烷基苷脂肪酸聚酯(参见Meyer等人的US4,840,815;1989.6.20出版);两个醚键合的羟基聚羧酸(例如,柠檬酸或异柠檬酸)的液体聚酯(参见Huhn等人的US4,888,195;1988.12.19出版);和环氧化物延伸的多羟基化合物的液体酯(参见White等人的US4,861,613;1989.8.29出版)。
优选的液体不易消化油是糖聚酯,糖醇聚酯及其混合物,所述物质优选用包含8-22个碳原子的脂肪酸,最佳为包含8-18个碳原子的脂肪酸进行酯化。在体温(即98.6_,37℃)下含有最少量固体或没有固体的那些物质通常包含带有高比例C12或更低级的脂肪酸基团的酯基,或者包含带有高比例C18或更高级的不饱和脂肪酸基团的酯基。在所述的液体多羟基聚酯中,优选的不饱和脂肪酸是油酸、亚油酸及其混合物。
适用于本发明的、不易消化的多羟基聚酯硬块或固体材料可选自:固体糖聚酯,固体糖醇聚酯及其混合物,并包含酯基,例如通常为5-8个酯基,所述酯基主要由长链饱和脂肪酸基团组成。合适的饱和脂肪酸基团包含至少14,优选14-26,最佳16-22个碳原子。所述长链饱和脂肪酸基团可单独使用或以相互间的混合物来使用。此外,直链(即通常的)脂肪酸基团是典型的长链饱和脂肪酸基团。
另外还可使用业已开发出的某些中等熔点的多羟基脂肪酸聚酯,它们具有限定其物理性能,即其熔点、粘度、剪切速率和剪切粘度以及晶体大小和形状的特定的流变学特性。(参见Bernhardt的欧洲专利申请号236,288和233,856;分别在1987.9.9和8.26出版。)这些中等熔点的多羟基聚酯在体温下是粘稠的且具有高的液体/固体稳定性,这使得它们能很好的涂覆皮肤。所述中等熔点的多羟基聚酯的例子有:通过用55∶45的完全氢化的和部分氢化的棉籽或大豆油脂肪酸甲基酯的混合物对蔗糖基本完全酯化蔗糖所得到的聚酯。
优选的液体多羟基聚酯包括蔗糖聚酯。尤其优选的液体多羟基聚酯包括:用完全氢化的和部分氢化的棉籽或大豆油脂肪酸甲基酯或其混合物的混合物酯化的蔗糖,下文分别称之为蔗糖聚棉酯和蔗糖聚豆酯。
优选用C10-C22饱和脂肪酸酯化的、完全呈液体的多羟基聚酯和完全呈固体的多羟基聚酯硬块的混合物(例如蔗糖八硬脂酸酯)在室温下可以是固体的。(例如参见Jandacek的US4,005,195和Jandacek/Mattson的US4,005,196;这两篇文献均于1977.1.25出版,在此引入作为参考。)
可通过本领域普通技术人员已知的许多方法来制备液体或固体的多羟基聚酯。这些方法包括:使用各种催化剂,使多羟基化合物(即糖或糖醇)与包含所希望酸基的甲基、乙基或甘油酯进行酯基转移反应;使多羟基化合物与酰基氯发生酰化作用;使多羟基化合物与酸酐发生酰化作用;和使多羟基化合物与所希望的酸本身发生酰化作用。(参见US2,831,854;3,600,186;3,963,699;4,517,360和4,518,772;在此引入这些专利作为参考。这些专利均披露了多羟基聚酯合适的制备方法。)
当制备液体和固体不易消化的和不易吸收的材料的混合物时,可将不易消化的颗粒以不连续的、未聚集的实物分散于液体的不易消化的油中。然而,也可将这些不易消化的颗粒聚集在一起形成更大的、分散于液体不易消化油中的聚集体。这对那些似薄层状的不易消化颗粒是尤其正确的。薄层状的不易消化颗粒的聚集体通常假定为具有多孔特征的球晶形,因此能截留大量的液体不易消化的油。
可单独使用固体不易消化的颗粒,或将其分散于不易消化的液体油组份中使用。
各种酯化的多羟基聚酯
“各种酯化的多羟基聚酯”包含两种基本类型的酯基:(a)由长链饱和脂肪酸基形成的酯基,和(b)由“不同于”这些长链饱和脂肪酸基的酸基形成的酯基。
合适的长链饱和脂肪酸基包含20-30、更优选22-26个碳原子。所述长链饱和脂肪酸基可单独使用,或以相互间任何比例的混合物的形式使用。通常,使用直链(如正构)脂肪酸基团。
所述不同的基团可包括C12或更高级的不饱和脂肪酸基团,或C2-C12的饱和脂肪酸基团,或其混合物,或者可以是脂肪-脂肪酸芳香酸基团,或超长链脂肪酸或各种支链的环状或取代的酸基。
优选的“不同的”酸基包括,含有至少12,优选12-26,更佳18-22个碳原子的长链不饱和脂肪酸基团,和含有2-12,优选6-12个碳原子的短链脂肪酸基团,及其混合物。
更为优选的固体多羟基聚酯包括蔗糖八酯,其中平均来说8个蔗糖羟基中的7个被二十二烷酸酯化,余下的羟基被含有6-12个碳原子的短链脂肪酸酯化。在特别优选的实施方案中,短链脂肪酸包括油酸。其中约7个蔗糖羟基被二十二烷酸酯化的、所述固体蔗糖聚酯在下文被称为蔗糖二十二烷酸酯。
脂肪-脂肪酸基团是,其本身被另一个脂肪酸或其它有机酸酯化的、带有至少一个羟基的脂肪酸基团。蓖麻油酸是优选的羟基脂肪酸。羟基脂肪酸的来源包括氢化蓖麻油、羊角拗籽油,金盏花籽油,氢化的羊角拗籽油和氢化的金盏花籽油,弹裂碎米荠籽油,粗糠柴油,野桐脱色油,以及mallotus claoxyloides油。
另外,也可通过使用氧化剂如高锰酸钾,四氧化饿,和过酸如过乙酸使不饱和脂肪酸发生氧化羟基化作用而合成制备羟基脂肪酸。使用该方法,可由油酸制得9,10-二羟基-十八酸,以及由亚油酸制得9,10,12,13-四羟基-十八酸。合成制备羟基脂肪酸,如10-羟基-12-顺十八烯酸和10-羟基-12顺式,15顺式十八酸的另一种方法是通过微生物如NocardiaCholesteroliim使脂肪酸如亚油酸和亚麻酸发生转化。
用于酯化多羟基化合物的相同的脂肪酸源可用来酯化羟基脂肪酸基团的羟基。这些脂肪酸源包括芳香酸如苯甲酸或甲基苯甲酸;支链的基团如异丁酸,新辛酸或甲基硬脂酸;超长链饱和或不饱和的脂肪酸基团,如二十三酸或二十三烯酸;环脂族类如环己烷羧酸;以及聚合成酯基团如聚丙烯酸和二聚脂肪酸。
另外,芳香酸基团还可被用作不同的基团。可以单独使用或以相互间任意比例混合物的形式使用许多芳香化合物,所述芳香化合物包括苯甲酸化合物如苯甲酸或甲苯甲酸;氨基苯甲酸化合物如氨基苯甲酸和氨基甲基苯甲酸;羟基苯甲酸化合物如羟基苯甲酸,香草酸和水杨酸;甲氧基苯甲酸化合物如茴香酸;乙酰氧基苯基乙酸化合物如乙酰基扁桃酸;和卤代苯甲酸化合物如氯代苯甲酸,二氯代苯甲酸,和氟代苯甲酸;乙酰基苯甲酸,枯酸,苯基苯甲酸,和尼克酸;以及包括芴羧酸的多环芳香基类。
另外,也可将各种其它的成酯基团用作形成在本发明中使用的各种酯化的多羟基聚酯颗粒的不同的酯基的材料。所述其它基团可以是支链的烷基链;超长链饱和或不饱和的基团;环状脂族基,包括环丁烷羧酸、环戊烷羧酸、环己烷羧酸、环己烷乙酸、以及羟基环酸如抗坏血酸;多环脂族酸如枞酸;聚合成酯基团如聚丙烯酸和二聚脂肪酸;以及包含卤氨基或芳基的烷基链基团。
借助用于制备多羟基聚酯所述的方法,通过用必要种类的成酯基团对所希望的多羟基化合物进行酯化,可制备各种酯化的多羟基聚酯。当使用甲酯路线来制备带有混合的不同的酸基和长链饱和脂肪酸基团的这些不同的酯化固体多羟基聚酯时,可首先制备其中一种酸的八酯(如,不同的酸,或长链饱和脂肪酸),随后使该原始反应产物与其它种类的甲酯进行部分酯交换。
多羟基聚酯聚合物
其它固体的、不易消化的多羟基聚酯包括多羟基聚酯聚合物。多羟基聚酯聚合物通过对多羟基聚酯单体进行聚合而制备,以提供至少带有两个独立的、通过脂肪酸基团之间的共价键连接的、酯化多羟基化合物部分。例如,可在脂肪酸之间交联两个蔗糖八-二十二烷酸酯,以便形成聚合物。所述多羟基聚酯聚合物的重复单元可以相同或不同,以致使在本文中通用术语“聚合物”包括特定术语“共聚物”。制备所述多羟基聚酯聚合物的重复单体(或共聚单体)单元的数量是约2-20,优选约2-12。取决于其制备方法,多羟基聚酯聚合物通常是包含2-4个单体单元的低聚物,即二聚体,三聚体或四聚体。
最优选的多羟基聚酯聚合物是数均分子量约4000-约60,000,优选约4000-约36,000,更优选约5000-约12,000的蔗糖聚酯聚合物。
制备固体多羟基聚酯聚合物的一种方法是,利用已知的方法对多羟基聚酯进行聚合,所述方法包括但不局限于,光化学反应和利用过渡金属离子、热量或自由基引发剂如二叔丁基过氧化物的反应。
另外,也可通过用多元聚合脂肪酸或其衍生物对多羟基化合物进行酯化和/或酯交换而直接制备多羟基聚酯聚合物。例如,优选使用顺序的酯化方法,通过将所希望聚合酸的酰基氯或酸酐与蔗糖反应,可制备多羟基聚酯聚合物。另外,也可在脂肪酸皂和碱性催化剂如碳酸钾的存在下,通过使所希望的聚合酸的甲酯与蔗糖进行反应,而制备多羟基聚酯聚合物。
可聚合的酸的通常例子是包含两个或多个双键的那些酸(多不饱和酸)如亚油酸、亚麻酸和桐酸、十八碳四烯酸、二十碳二烯酸、二十碳四烯酸、花生四烯酸、5,13-二十二碳二烯酸和4,7,11-二十二碳三烯-18-炔酸。单不饱和脂肪酸,如油酸、反油酸和芥酸也可用来制备合适的长链脂肪酸二聚体,所述二聚体依次可用来形成固体多羟基聚酯聚合物。用来制备包含聚合物的多羟基聚酯的、优选的多元聚合脂肪酸和脂肪酸衍生物包括,由多不饱和植物油如豆油或棉籽油或由动物脂肪如牛脂衍生得到的脂肪酸或脂肪酸低级酯的二聚合作用而产生的二元酸。
通过许多本领域普通技术人员已知的方法,可制备前述所有种类的多元聚合脂肪酸。(参见Lutton的US3,353,967,1967.11.21出版;Goebel的US2,482,761,1949.9.27出版;Harrison等人的US2,731,481,1956.1.17出版;和Barrett等人的US2,793,219,1957.5.21出版;在此引入这些专利作为参考。)
1.
润滑剂
在本发明的润肤液组合物中关键的活性组分是一种或多种前面介绍的多羟基聚酯润滑剂。除了液体多羟基聚酯润滑剂之外,其它润滑剂也可以可有可无地加入润肤液组合物中。下面将描述合适的附加润滑剂。在此所使用的润滑剂是柔软、安慰、柔顺、涂覆、润滑、保湿或清洁皮肤的材料。润滑剂通常能完成其中若干种目的,如安慰、湿润和润滑皮肤。就本发明而言,这些润滑剂在20℃即室温下具有塑性或流体稠度。这种特定的润滑剂稠度使得润肤液组合物具有柔软、润滑、以及类似润肤液的手感。
另外,用于本发明的润滑剂基本不含水。“基本不含水”意指,不打算向润滑剂中添加水。在制备或使用本发明的润肤液组合物时,无需将水添加至润滑剂中,并且还可能需要辅助的干燥步骤。然而,可允许由于例如环境湿度而吸收的润滑剂中的少量或痕量的水,而不会产生副作用。通常,用于本发明的润滑剂包含约5%或更少的水,优选约1%或更少的水,最佳约0.5%或更少的水。
用于本发明的附加的润滑剂可以是石油基脂肪酸酯类,烷基乙氧基化物类,脂肪酸酯乙氧基化物,脂肪醇类,聚硅氧烷类,或这些润滑剂的混合物。合适的石油基润滑剂包括:带有16-32个碳原子的链的那些烃,或这些烃的混合物。带有这些链长的石油基烃包括矿物油(也称之为“液体凡士林”)和凡士林(也称之为“地蜡”,“矿脂”和“矿物冻”)。矿物油通常指的是较低粘度的、且带有16-20个碳原子的烃的混合物。凡士林通常指的是更为粘稠的、且带有16-32个碳原子的烃的混合物。凡士林和矿物油是用于本发明润肤液组合物的、特别优选的润滑剂。
合适的脂肪酸酯类润滑剂包括由C12-C18脂肪酸,优选由C16-C22饱和脂肪酸,和短链(C1-C8,优选C1-C3)一元醇衍生得到的那些物质。所述酯的代表性的例子包括棕榈酸甲酯、硬脂酯甲酯、月桂酸异丙酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、棕榈酸乙基已酯及其混合物。合适的脂肪酸酯润滑剂也可由更长链脂肪醇(C12-C28,优选C12-C16)和更短链的脂肪酸例如乳酸的酯衍生得到,如乳酸月桂酯和乳酸鲸蜡酯。
合适的烷基乙氧基化物类润滑剂包括平均乙氧基化度为约2-约30的C12-C22脂肪醇乙氧基化物。优选的脂肪醇乙氧基化物润滑剂选自:平均乙氧基化度为约2-约23的月桂基、鲸蜡基和硬脂酰基乙氧基化物,及其混合物。所述烷基乙氧基化物的代表性的例子包括,十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚-3(平均乙氧基化度为3的月桂基乙氧基化物),十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚-23(平均乙氧基化度为23的月桂基乙氧基化物),十六烷基聚氧乙烯醚-10(平均乙氧基化度为10的鲸蜡醇乙氧基化物)和十八烷基聚氧乙烯醚-10(平均乙氧基化度为10的硬脂醇乙氧基化物)。这些烷基乙氧基化物润滑剂通常与石油基润滑剂如凡士林结合使用,烷基乙氧基化物润滑剂对石油基润滑剂的重量比从约1∶1至约1∶5,优选从约1∶2至约1∶4。
合适的脂肪醇类润滑剂包括C12-C22的脂肪醇,优选为C16-C18的脂肪醇。代表性的例子包括鲸蜡醇和硬脂醇,及其混合物。这些脂肪醇润滑剂通常与石油基润滑剂如凡士林结合使用,脂肪醇润滑剂对石油基润滑剂的重量比从约1∶1至约1∶5,优选从约1∶1至约1∶2。
其它种类的合适的用于本发明的润滑剂包括聚硅氧烷化合物。通常用于本发明的、合适的聚硅氧烷材料包括具有下面结构的单体硅氧烷单元的那些材料:
式中,对于每个独立的硅氧烷单体单元而言,R1和R2可彼此独立地为氢或任何烷基、芳基、烯基、烷芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、卤代烃,或其它的基团。这些基团中的任何一种可以是取代的或未取代的。任何特定单体单元中的R1和R2可以不同于下一个连接的单体单元的相应的官能团。此外,聚硅氧烷可以是直链,支链或者具有环状结构。基团R1和R2可彼此独立地为其它的硅烷类官能团如(但不局限于)硅氧烷,聚硅氧烷,硅烷和聚硅烷。另外基团R1和R2还可包含许多有机官能团,所述官能团例如包括醇、羧酸、苯基和胺官能团。
举例性的烷基基团为甲基,乙基,丙基,丁基,戊基,己基,辛基,癸基,十八烷基等。举例性的烯基为乙烯基,烯丙基等。举例性的芳香基为苯基,联苯基,萘基等。举例性的烷芳基为甲苯基,二甲苯基,乙苯基等。举例性的芳烷基为苄基,α-苯乙基,β-苯乙基,α-苯丁基等。举例性的环烷基基团为环丁基,环戊基,环己基等。举例性的卤代烃基团为氯甲基,溴乙基,四氟乙基,氟乙基,三氟乙基,三氟甲苯基,六氟二甲苯基等。
只要聚硅氧烷可以流动或用于尿布顶层时可使之流动,那么有用的聚硅氧烷的粘度可以如通常聚硅氧烷变化那样尽可能大地变化。这包括但不局限于低至5厘沲(于37℃通过玻璃粘度计测量)至约20,000,000厘沲。优选在37℃时聚硅氧烷的粘度从约5-约5,000厘沲,更优选从约5-约2,000厘沲,最佳从约100-约1000厘沲。通过如将聚硅氧烷在表面活性剂中乳化,或借助于溶剂如己烷(只是举例性的)提供聚硅氧烷溶液这样的方法,能将其本身抗流动的高粘度聚硅氧烷有效地沉积在尿布顶层上。在下面将更为详细地讨论将聚硅氧烷润滑剂加至尿布顶层的特定方法。
用于本发明的优选的聚硅氧烷化合物披露于US5,059,282(Ampulski等人),1991.10.22出版,在此引入该文献作为参考。可用作本发明润肤液组合物中的润滑剂的、特别优选的聚硅氧烷化合物包括,苯基官能的聚甲基硅氧烷化合物(例如,Dow Corning556 Cosmetic-Grade Fluid:聚苯基甲基硅氧烷)和鲸蜡基或硬脂基官能化的dimethicones,如分别为Dow2502和Dow2503的聚硅氧烷流体。除了带有苯基官能或烷基基团这样的取代基以外,有效的取代基还有氨基,羧基,羟基,醚,聚醚,醛,酮,酰胺,酯以及硫醇基团。在这些有效取代基中,包含苯基,氨基,烷基,羧基和羟基的这类基团比其它基团更为优选;最优选的是苯基官能团。
除石油基润滑剂、脂肪酸酯润滑剂、脂肪酸酯乙氧基化物、烷基乙氧基化物润滑剂、脂肪醇润滑剂和聚硅氧烷以外,可用于本发明的润滑剂还可包括少量(例如至多为润滑剂总量的约10%)的其它常规的润滑剂。这些其它的常规润滑剂包括丙二醇,甘油,三乙二醇,鲸蜡或其它蜡,在其脂肪链中带有12-28个碳原子的脂肪酸和脂肪醇醚,如硬脂酸,丙氧基化的脂肪醇;C12-C28脂肪酸的甘油酯,乙酰甘油酯以及乙氧基化的甘油酯;多羟基醇的其它的脂肪酯;羊毛酯及其衍生物。以保持润肤液组合物的固体或半固体特征的方式加入这些其它的润肤剂。
能加入润肤液组合物中的润滑剂的量将取决于各种因素,它们包括所涉及的特定的润滑剂,所希望的润肤液状益处,在润肤液组合物中的其它组份等因素。所述润肤液组合物可包含从约5-约95%的润滑剂。优选的是润肤液组合物包含约10-90%,最佳约15-85%的润滑剂。
2.
固定剂
本发明润肤液组合物中的一个关键组份是能将液体多羟基聚酯润滑剂固定在施加润肤液组合物的尿布顶层上的试剂。由于在加工和使用过程(约37℃)中所经历的环境温度下组合物中的润滑剂具有流体的稠度,因此,甚至在经受最适度的剪切时,该润滑剂往往也将流动或发生迁移。当施加至尿布顶层上,尤其是处于熔化或熔融状态时,润滑剂将基本不能保留在顶层的表面上。该润滑剂往往将迁移和流至尿布的内部。
由于用于本发明润肤液组合物中的许多润滑剂的疏水特性,因此,润滑剂迁移至尿布内部会对尿布芯的吸收性产生不希望的作用。另外,这还意味着,为了得到所希望的治疗或保护性的润肤液的益处,必须向尿布顶层添加多得多的润滑剂。增加润滑剂的用量不仅将增加成本,而且还将对尿布芯的吸收性产生不希望的作用。
通过使绝大多数润滑剂位于施加润肤液组合物的尿布顶层的表面上,固定剂抵消了润滑剂迁移或流动的这种趋势。据信,这部分是由于固定剂使润肤液组合物的熔点升高至润滑剂熔点之上的缘故。由于固定剂还可与润滑剂混溶(或借助适当的乳化剂溶解于其中),因此,它还将润滑剂截留在尿布顶层的表面上。
本发明的另一个优点是,将固定剂“锁定”在尿布顶层的表面上。这可通过使用在顶层表面上快速结晶(或固化)的固定剂来实现。此外,通过鼓风机、风扇等对处理过的尿布顶层的外部冷却可加速固定剂的结晶。
除了能与润滑剂混溶(或溶解于其中)以外,该固定剂需要具有至少约35℃的熔点。这样的话,该固定剂本身将不会有迁移或流动的趋势。优选的固定剂的熔点至少约40℃。通常,固定剂的熔点范围为从约50℃至约150℃。
用于本发明的、合适的另外的固定剂包括:选自C14-C22脂肪醇、C12-C22脂肪酸和平均乙氧基化度为约2-30的C12-C22脂肪醇乙氧基化物及其混合物。优选的固定剂包括:C16-C18脂肪醇,最优选的是选自:鲸蜡醇,硬脂醇及其混合物。特别优选的是鲸蜡醇和硬脂醇的混合物。其它优选的固定剂包括:C16-C18脂肪酸,最优选的是选自:棕榈酸,硬脂酸及其混合物。棕榈酸和硬脂酸的混合物是特别优选的。还有其它优选的固定剂包括:平均乙氧基化度从约5至约20的C16-C18脂肪醇乙氧基化物。优选脂肪醇和脂肪酸并且脂肪醇是线性的。
重要的是,这些优选的辅加固定剂如C16-C18脂肪醇增加润肤液的结晶速率,使润肤液迅速地结晶在基材的表面上。因此,可使用较低用量的润肤液,或可得到优异的润肤液手感。传统上,由于这些液体将流入尿布芯中,因此需要较大量的润肤液以便产生柔软性。
其它种类的固定剂可以单独使用或与上述的脂肪醇、脂肪酸以及脂肪醇乙氧基化物结合使用。这些其它种类的固定剂的例子包括:多羟基脂肪酸酯,多羟基脂肪酸酰胺及其混合物。优选的酯和酰胺在多羟基部分上将具有三个或多个游离羟基,并且通常具有非离子特性。由于使用施加润肤液组合物的尿布顶层可能会使皮肤敏感,因此,这些酯和酰胺还应对皮肤是相对柔和和无刺激性的。
用于本发明的、合适的多羟基脂肪酸酯将具有如下结构式:
式中,R是C5-C31羰基,优选是直链C7-C19烷基或烯基,更优选的是直链C9-C17烷基或烯基,最优选的是直链C11-C17烷基或烯基,或其混合物;Y是多羟基烃基部分,其中烃基链至少带2个直接连接至该链上的自由羟基;n至少为1。合适的Y基团可由多元醇如甘油,季戊四醇;糖如棉子糖,麦芽糖葡萄糖,半乳糖,蔗糖,葡萄糖,木糖,果糖,麦芽糖,乳糖,甘露糖和赤藓糖;糖醇如赤藓糖醇,木糖醇,麦芽糖醇,甘露糖醇和山梨醇;以及糖醇酐如脱水山梨糖醇衍生得到。
用于本发明的一类合适的多羟基脂肪酸酯包括某些脱水山梨醇酯,优选C16-C22饱和脂肪酸的脱水山梨醇酯。由于该典型的制备方法,因此这些脱水山梨醇常常包含单-、二-、三-等酯的混合物。合适的脱水山梨醇的代表性例子包括棕榈酸脱水山梨醇酯(例如,SPAN40),硬脂酸脱水山梨醇酯(例如,SPAN60),和二十二烷酸脱水山梨醇酯,以及包含一个或多个这些山梨醇酯的单酯、二酯和三酯,例如棕榈酸脱水山梨醇单酯、二酯和三酯,硬脂酸脱水山梨醇单酯、二酯和三酯,二十二烷酸脱水山梨醇单酯、二酯和三酯,以及混合的牛脂脂肪酸脱水山梨醇单酯、二酯和三酯。另外也可使用不同脱水山梨醇酯的混合物,如棕榈酸脱水山梨醇酯和硬脂酸脱水山梨醇酯的混合物。特别优选的脱水山梨醇酯是硬脂酸脱水山梨醇酯,通常是单酯、二酯和三酯(加上某些四酯)的混合物如SPAN60,和以商品名GLYCOMUL-S(Lonza,Inc.)出售的硬脂酸脱水山梨醇酯。尽管这些脱水山梨醇酯中通常包含单酯、二酯和三酯,加上某些四酯的混合物,但在这些混合物中,占主要成份的是单酯和二酯。
另一类用于本发明的、合适的多羟基脂肪酸酯包括:某些甘油单酯,优选的是C16-C22饱和脂肪酸的甘油单酯,如甘油一硬脂酸酯,甘油一棕榈酸酯和甘油一二十二烷酸酯。另外,与脱水山梨醇酯一样,甘油一酯的混合物通常将包含某些二酯和三酯。然而,所述的混合物中应主要包含用于本发明的甘油一酯。
另一类用于本发明的、合适的多羟基脂肪酸酯包括某些蔗糖脂肪酸酯,优选蔗糖的C12-C22饱和脂肪酸酯。蔗糖的一酯和二酯是特别优选的,并包括硬脂酸的蔗糖一酯和二酯和月桂酸蔗糖一酯和二酯。
用于本发明的、合适的多羟基脂肪酰胺具有如下结构式:
式中R1为H,C1-C4烃基,2-羟乙基,2-羟丙基,甲氧基乙基,甲氧基丙基或其混合物,优选C1-C4烷基,甲氧基乙基或甲氧基丙基,更优选的是C1或C2烷基或甲氧基丙基,最优选的是C1烷基(即甲基)或甲氧基丙基;R2为C5-C31烃基,优选直链C7-C19烷基或烯基,更优选直链C9-C17烷基或烯基,最优选的是直链C11-C17烷基或烯基,或其混合物;Z是聚羟基烃基部分,其中线性烃基链至少带3个直接连接至该链上的羟基。参见US5,174,927(Honsa),1992.12.29出版(在此引入作为参考),该专利披露了这些多羟基脂肪酰胺及其制备方法。
Z部分优选由还原胺化反应中的还原糖衍生得到;最优选的是缩水甘油基(glycityl)。合适的还原糖包括葡萄糖,果糖,麦芽糖,乳糖,半乳糖,甘露糖,和木糖。可以使用富含葡萄糖的玉米糖浆,富含果糖的玉米糖浆,和富含麦芽糖的玉米糖浆,以及列于上面的各种糖。这些玉米糖浆可得到用于Z部分的糖组份的混合物。
Z部分优选选自-CH2-(CHOH)n-CH2OH,-CH(CH2OH)-[(CHOH)n-1]-CH2OH,-CH2OH-CH2-(CHOH)2(CHOR3)(CHOH)-CH2OH,式中n是3-5整数的,R3为H或环状或脂族单糖。最优选的是其中n为4的缩水甘油基,特别是-CH2-(CHOH)4-CH2OH。
在上述结构式中,R1可为例如N-甲基,N-乙基,N-丙基,N-异丙基,N-丁基,N-2-羟乙基,N-甲氧基丙基或N-2-羟丙基;可对R2进行选择,以提供例如,椰油酰胺,硬脂酰胺,油酰胺,月桂酰胺,肉豆蔻酰胺,癸酰胺,棕榈酰胺,牛脂酰胺等。Z部分可以是1-脱氧缩水葡糖基,2-脱氧缩水果糖基,1-脱氧缩水麦芽糖基,1-脱氧缩水乳糖基,1-脱氧缩水半乳糖基,1-脱氧缩水甘露糖基,1-脱氧缩水麦芽三糖基等。
最优选的多羟基脂肪酰胺具有如下通式:
式中R1为甲基或甲氧基丙基;R2为C11-C17直链烷基或烯基。这些物质包括:N-月桂基-N-甲基萄糖酰胺,N-月桂基-N-甲氧基丙基萄糖酰胺,N-椰子基-N-甲基萄糖酰胺,N-椰子基-N-甲氧基丙基萄糖酰胺,N-棕榈基-N-甲氧基丙基萄糖酰胺,N-牛脂基-N-甲基萄糖酰胺或N-牛脂基-N-甲氧基丙基萄糖酰胺。
正如前面所指出的那样,某些固定剂需要在润滑剂中溶解的乳化剂。特别是对于某些萄糖酰胺如HLB值至少约7的N-烷基-N-甲氧基丙基萄糖酰胺,情况是这样的。合适的乳化剂通常包括HLB值低于约7的那些物质。在这方面,业已发现先前所述的脱水山梨醇酯,如HLB值约为4.9或更小的硬脂酸脱水山梨醇酯可用来将这些萄糖酰胺固定剂溶解于凡士林中。其它合适的乳化剂包括:十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚-2(与结构式CH3(CH2)17(OCH2 CH2)nOH相一致的硬脂醇的聚乙二醇醚,式中n的平均值为2)、脱水山梨醇三硬脂酸酯,月桂酸异山梨醇酯(isosorbide laurate),和甘油一硬脂酸酯。所述乳化剂的用量应足以使固定剂溶解于润滑剂中,以致能获得基本均匀的混合物。例如,N-椰子基-N-甲基萄糖酰胺和凡士林的约1∶1的混合物通常将不会熔入单相混合物中,当添加20%的、作为乳化剂的十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚-2和脱水山梨醇三硬脂酸酯的1∶1的混合物时将熔入单相混合物中。
或者单独使用,或者可与上述固定剂结合使用的、可用作固定剂的其它配料包括石蜡,如巴西棕榈蜡,蜂蜡,小烛树蜡,石蜡,地蜡,西班牙草蜡,小冠椰子蜡,rezowax,和其它已知的蜡。优选的蜡是石蜡。特别优选的石蜡的例子是Parrafin S.P.434(得自Strahl and Pitsch Inc.P.O.Box1098West Babylon,NY11704)。
其它合适的固定剂包括前述的固体多羟基聚酯,其中蔗糖聚二十二烷酸酯是优选的。
应加入润肤液组合物中的固定剂的量将取决于各种因素,包括涉及的特定的润滑剂,所涉及的特定的固定剂,是否需要乳化剂将固定剂溶解于润滑剂中,在润肤液组合物中的其它组份等因素。润肤液组合物可包含约5-约95%的固定剂。优选的是润肤液组合物包含约5%-约50%,最佳约10-约40%的固定剂。
3.
任选的表面活性剂
如上所述,特别希望尿布的顶层是由亲水性材料制得,以便能使液体(例如尿)快速通过该顶层。同样,重要的是,该润肤液组合物还应是可充分湿润的,以便保证液体能更为迅速地通过顶层。这将消除身体***物流出润肤液涂层而不是被吸过顶层并被吸收芯所吸收这种可能发生的事。取决于在本发明中所使用的特定的固定剂,可以需要或不需要另外的亲水表面活性剂(或亲水表面活性剂的混合物),以改善湿润性。例如,某些固定剂如N-椰子基-N-甲氧基丙基萄糖酰胺的HLB值至少约7并且在不添加亲水表面活性剂的情况下可充分湿润。当润肤液组合物施加至尿布顶层上时,其它HLB值低于约7的固定剂如C16-C18脂肪醇将需要添加亲水性表面活性剂,以便改善湿润性。同样地,疏水性润滑剂如凡士林将需要添加亲水性表面活性剂。
合适的亲水表面活性剂可与润滑剂和固定剂混溶,以便形成均匀的混合物。由于使用施加润肤液组合物的一次性吸收产品可能会使皮肤敏感,因此,这些表面活性剂还应对皮肤是柔和和无剌激性的。通常这些亲水表面活性剂是非离子的,它们不仅对皮肤无剌激性,而且还能避免对下层织物层压结构产生不希望的作用,例如降低抗张强度。
合适的非离子表面活性剂在润肤液组合物施加至尿布顶层上之后基本上是不迁移的,并且通常具有从约4-约20、优选约7~约20的HLB值。要成为不迁移的,这些非离子表面活性剂通常将具有高于在储存、运输、交易、以及一次性吸收制品使用期间所遭遇到的温度更高的熔解温度,例如至少约30℃。就这一点而言,这些非离子表面活性剂优选将具有类似于前述固定剂的熔点。
用于本发明的、合适的非离子表面活性剂包括:烷基苷;如在US4,011,389(Langdon等人,1977.3.8出版)中披露的烷基苷醚;烷基聚乙氧基化的酯如Pegosperse 1000MS(得自Lonza,Inc.,Fair Lawn,New Jersey),平均乙氧基化度从约2-约20、优选从约2-约10的、C12-C18脂肪酸的乙氧基化的脱水山梨醇一酯、二酯和/或三酯,如TWEEN60(平均乙氧基化度约20的硬脂酸脱水山梨醇酯)TWEEN61(平均乙氧基化度约4的硬脂酸脱水山梨醇酯),以及脂族醇与约1-约54摩尔环氧乙烷的缩合产物。所述脂族醇的烷基链通常是直链的(线性的)构形并包含约8-约22个碳原子。特别优选的是包含约11-约22个碳原子的烷基的醇与每摩尔醇约2-约30摩尔的环氧乙烷的缩合产物。所述乙氧基化醇的例子包括:肉豆蔻醇与每摩尔醇为7摩尔的环氧乙烷的缩合产物,椰子醇(烷基链在10-14个碳原子之间变化的脂肪醇的混合物)与约6摩尔环氧乙烷的缩合产物。许多合适的乙氧基化醇可从市场得到,它们包括TERGITOL 15-S-9(C11-C15线性醇与9摩尔环氧乙烷的缩合产物),由联合碳化物公司出售;KYRO EOB(C13-C15线性醇与9摩尔环氧乙烷的缩合产物),由The Procter & Gamble Co.出售;商标名为NEODOL的表面活性剂(由壳牌化学公司出售),特别是NEODOL25-12(C12-C15线性醇与12摩尔环氧乙烷的缩合产物)和NEODOL25-6.5T(C12-C13线性醇与已蒸馏(拔顶)除去某些杂质的6.5摩尔环氧乙烷的缩合产物);尤其是商标名为PLURAFAC的表面活性剂(由BASF公司出售),特别是PLURAFAC A-38(C18直链醇与27摩尔环氧乙烷的缩合产物)。(某些亲水表面活性剂,特别是乙氧基化醇如NEODOL25-12也能起烷基乙氧基化润滑剂的作用)。优选的乙氧基化醇表面活性剂的其它例子包括:ICI’类的Brij表面活性剂及其混合物,其中Brij72(即Steareth-2)和Brij76(即Steareth-10)是特别优选的。另外,乙氧基化至平均乙氧基化度约10-约20的鲸蜡醇和硬脂醇的混合物也可用作亲水表面活性剂。
用于本发明的另一类合适的表面活性剂包括:由American CyanamidCompany出售的Aerosol OT,即丁二酸二辛酯磺酸钠。
用于本发明的还有一类合适的表面活性剂包括:硅氧烷共聚物如General Electric SF1188(聚二甲基硅氧烷和聚氧亚烷基醚的共聚物)和General Electric SF1228(硅氧烷聚醚共聚物)。这些硅氧烷表面活性剂能与上述其它种类的亲水表面活性剂如乙氧基化醇结合使用。业已发现,这些硅氧烷表面活性剂在低至0.1%,更优选约0.25-约1.0%(以润肤液组合物的重量为准)的浓度时是有效的。
将润肤液组合物的湿润性增加至希望值所需的亲水表面活性剂的量将取决于所使用的固定剂的HLB值和用量,所使用表面活性剂的HLB值等因素。当需要增加润肤液组合物的湿润性能时,该组合物可包含从约1-约50%的亲水表面活性剂。当需要增加湿润性时,优选的是该润肤液组合物包含约1-约25%、最优选的是约10-约20%的亲水表面活性剂。
4.
其它选择性组份
润肤液组合物还包含通常存在于这类润滑剂、乳油和润肤液中的其它选择性组份。这些选择性组份包括水、pH降低或缓冲体系、维他命、润肤剂或消炎剂、粘度调节剂、香精、消毒杀菌活性剂、药用活性剂、成膜剂、除臭剂、遮光剂、收缩剂、溶剂等。此外,还可添加稳定剂或抗氧剂以增强润肤液组合物的寿命,如纤维素衍生物、蛋白质和卵磷脂。合适的pH缓冲体系包括柠檬酸盐。合适的维他命包括维他命A和E。合适的润肤剂或消炎剂包括芦荟(aloe vera)和panthenol。所述这些物质用作所述配方的添加剂在本领域的熟知的,并且可在本发明的润肤液组合物以适当的比例使用。
C.
用润肤液组合物处理尿布顶层
在制备本发明的加有润肤液的尿布产品时,将润肤液组合物施加至尿布顶层的外表面上(即面对身体的表面)。可使用能均匀分布具有熔融或液体稠度的润滑材料的任何一种涂布方法。合适的涂布方法包括:喷涂、印刷(例如胶版印刷)、涂布(例如凹槽辊涂布)、挤出或这些涂布方法的结合,例如将润肤液组合物喷涂至旋转的表面如压光辊上,然后再将该组合物转移至尿布顶层的外表面上。
向尿布顶层施加润肤液组合物的施加方式应以顶层不被润肤液组合物饱和为准。如果顶层被润肤液组合物饱和,那么将出现润肤液阻塞顶层开口这种巨大的潜在危险,并将降低顶层将流体输送至下面的吸收芯的能力。另外,为获得治疗和/或防护性的润肤液的益处,也无需使顶层饱和。特别合适的施加方法将大部分润肤液组合物施加至尿布顶层的外表面上。
施加至尿布顶层上润肤液的最少用量为减少BM粘附至穿戴者皮肤上的有效量。润肤液组合物优选施加至本发明尿布顶层上,其用量为约0.1-约25mg/in2、更优选约1-约10mg/in2(每平方英寸涂布顶层中润肤液的毫克数)。由于润滑剂基本固定在顶层的表面上,因此,为赋予所希望的皮肤护理益处,只需少量的润肤液组合物。所述的相当少量的润肤液组合物足以赋予顶层以所述希望的治疗和/或防护性的润肤液益处,但没使顶层的吸收性和/或湿润性饱和。
可以将润肤液组合物施加至尿布的整个顶层表面上或部分表面上。优选的是,以与一次性吸收制品对准且定位于纵向中心线上的条来施加润肤液组合物。最优选的是,如在下面实施例中所述的那样,将润肤液组合物施加至不连续的顶层图案上,例如通常对着第二腰区设置的3.75英寸宽(尿布的横向)和7英寸长(尿布的纵向)的小区域(patch)。
另外,润肤液组合物还可不均匀地施加至尿布顶层的外表面上。“不均匀”指的是,润肤液组合物的用量、分布的图案等在顶层表面上可以变化。例如某些处理过的顶层表面部分可具有更多或更少量的润肤液组合物,包括在其表面上没有任何润肤液组合物的表面部分。
可在组装期间的任何步骤将润肤液组合物施加至顶层上。例如可在包装之前将润肤液组合物施加至已制成的一次吸收制品的顶层上。另外还可在顶层与其它原料组合成最终一次性吸收产品之前,将润肤液组合物施加至顶层上。
通常是将熔融状态的润肤液组合物施加至尿布的顶层上。由于在明显高于室温时润肤液组合物才熔融,因此,通常以加热涂料的形式将其施加至顶层上。通常,在施加至尿布顶层之前,将润肤液组合物加热至约35-约100℃,优选40-约90℃。在熔融润肤液组合物施加至尿布顶层之后,让其冷却固化,以便在顶层表面上形成固化的涂层或薄膜。优选将施加方法设计成有助于润肤液的冷却/固化。
在将本发明的润肤液组合物施加至尿布顶层上时,优选喷涂、凹槽辊涂布和挤出涂布法。图1说明了一种优选的方法,该方法包括,在顶层与其它原料组装成最终产品之前将涂层喷涂至尿布顶层上。参考图1,无纺顶层纤维网1从顶层母辊2中解卷(按照箭头2a指示的方向旋转)并前进至喷涂工段6,在喷涂工段用热的、熔融的(例如65℃)润肤液组合物对该纤维网的一面进行喷涂。在离开喷涂工段6之后,无纺顶层纤维网1变成了由3表示的加有润肤液的顶层纤维网。然后使加有润肤液的顶层纤维网3绕过导向辊4和8,然后卷绕在加有润肤液的顶层母辊10上(按照箭头10a指示的方向旋转)。
图2说明了在传送操作期间连续或间断的将润肤液组合物喷涂至尿布顶层上的另一优选的方法。参考图2,传送带1在导向辊3和4上按箭头所指方向前进并返回到传送带2。传送带1将未加润肤液的尿布5带至用热的、熔融的(例如65℃)润肤液组合物喷涂顶层区7的喷涂工段6。离开喷涂工段6之后,未加润肤液的尿布5变成具有加有润肤液顶层的加有润肤液的尿布8。转移至顶层区7上的润肤液组合物的量通过如下所述进行控制:(1)熔融润肤液组合物从喷涂工段6的喷出速率;和/或(2)传送带1在喷涂工段6处的传送速度。
尽管先前所述的实施方案是本发明的优选实施方案,但这些优选实施方案的各种变更也是可能的。一些变更的优选的实施方案描述如下。
例如,可以想象的实施方案是,其中润肤液组合物只包含液体或只包含固体的多羟基聚酯。在液体多羟基聚酯的场合,通过如毛细或表面张力的替代方法来固定润肤液。在固体多羟基聚酯的场合,通过固体多羟基聚酯本身提供润滑性。
在其它变更的实施方案中,可以将润肤液组合物施加至尿布顶层的内表面上和/或设置在顶层下面的层上(例如薄页纸)。在这些场合,穿戴者的体温加上穿戴者体重和运动产生的压力和摩擦力,将使一部分润肤液通过顶层并粘附在穿戴者的皮肤上。
在还有的一些实施方案中,可以将润肤液施加至能与穿戴者皮肤接触的尿布的任何部分。例如,可将本发明的润肤液组合物施加至腿翻边部位(例如在前面所述的一次尿布产品中的弹性内衬,直立翻边或弹性外衬密封翻边)。
由于润肤液组合物能有效防护和柔润皮肤,因此,在本发明中所述的润肤液组合物还可作为皮肤护理组合物如护手霜和润肤液单独使用。
很明显的是,所有上述实施方案均被包括在本发明的范围内。本领域普通技术人员还应明白的是,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围下,还可对这些实施方案进行各种各样的变更。
加有润肤液的、本发明尿布顶层的制备方法的具体说明
下面将具体说明利用本发明的润肤液组合物对尿布顶层进行处理:
配料说明
1.Dow Corning(Midland,MI)2503硅氧烷蜡-主要(89%)是二甲基,甲基十八烷基硅氧烷。
2.多羟基聚酯(蔗糖脂肪酸聚酯(SEFA))-Procter & Gamble Co.,Cincinnati,OH。
在下面实施例中的液体多羟基聚酯-SEFA棉酯(蔗糖聚棉酯):
酯链长(碳单元)
重量%
C:14 0.2
C:16 13.6
C:17 0.1
C:18-0 7.0
C:18-1 51.8
C:18-2 25.8
C:18-3 0.4
C:20 0.3
大于C:20 0.5
在下面实施例中的固体多羟基聚酯-SEFA二十二烷酸酯(蔗糖聚二十二烷酸酯):
酯链长(碳单元)
重量%
C:14 0.1
C:16 3.9
C:17 0.0
C:18-0 1.5
C:18-1 5.9
C:18-2 6.6
C:20 3.0
C:22 77.1
C:24 1.5
3.脱水山梨醇单硬酯酸酯-Lonzest SMS-CG,来自Lonza,Inc.,FairLawn,NJ。
实施例配方
实施例 | SEFA棉酯(%) | SEFA二十二烷酸酯(%) | DowCorning2503 | 脱水山梨醇单硬酯酸酯 |
1 | 25 | 60 | 15 | |
2 | 85 | 15 |
实施例1
A.
制备润肤液组合物
通过将下面的熔融(即液体)组份混合在一起可制得无水润肤液组合物(润肤液A):脱水山梨醇单硬酯酸酯(Lonzest SMS-CG,来自Lonza,Inc.),Dow Corning(Midland,MI)2503硅氧烷蜡,SEFA棉酯(Procter & GambleCo.,Cincinnati,OH制造的蔗糖聚棉酯)。这些组份的重量百分比列于下表中:
表1
组份 | 重量% |
脱水山梨醇单硬酯酸酯 | 15 |
Dow Corning2503 | 60 |
SEFA棉酯 | 25 |
B.
通过热熔体喷涂而制备尿布顶层
将润肤液组合物A置于145_的加热容器中。随后,将该组合物喷涂(使用Dynatec E84B1758喷头,操作温度为160_,喷雾压力为2.40磅/英寸2(表压))至尿布顶层上,喷涂区的面积为3.75英寸宽(尿布横向)和7英寸长(尿布纵向),斑区在横向中心线前方1英寸处开始,并向产品的后部延伸。添加量=0.006g/in2(9.3g/m2)。
实施例2
A.
制备润肤液组合物
通过将下面的熔融(即液体)组份混合在一起可制得无水润肤液组合物(润肤液B):SEFA棉酯(Procter & Gamble Co.,Cincinnati,OH制造的蔗糖聚棉酯),SEFA二十二烷酸酯(Procter & Gamble Co.,Cincinnati,OH制造的蔗糖聚二十二烷酸酯。这些组份的重量百分比列于下表中:
表II
组份 | 重量% |
SEFA棉酯 | 85 |
SEFA二十二烷酸酯 | 15 |
B.
通过热熔体喷涂而制备尿布顶层
将润肤液组合物A置于145_的加热容器中。随后,将该组合物喷涂(使用Dynatec E84B1758喷头,操作温度为160_,喷雾压力为2.40磅/英寸2(表压))至尿布顶层上,喷涂区的面积为3.75英寸宽(尿布横向)和7英寸长(尿布纵向),斑区在横向中心线前方1英寸处开始,并向产品的后部延伸。添加量=0.006g/in2(9.3g/m2)。
Claims (6)
1.一种适于与人穿用者的皮肤接触而使用的一次性吸收制品,其特征在于包含:
A)不透液底层;
B)连接所述底层的、透液的顶层,当所述尿布被穿着时,所述顶层具有朝向所述吸收制品内部的内表面和朝向穿戴者皮肤的外表面,其中至少部分所述顶层的外表面包含在20℃呈半固态或固态的有效量的润肤液涂层,所述润肤液包含:
(i)5-95%的液体糖聚酯润滑剂,其选自蔗糖、乳糖、果糖、葡萄糖和麦芽糖与具有至少2个碳原子和最多30个碳原子的脂肪酸或其他有机酸的酯化产物;
(ii)5-95%的能够将所述糖聚酯润滑剂固定在顶片的所述表面上的固定剂,所说的固定剂的熔点为至少35℃;以及
C)置于所述顶层和所述底层之间的吸收芯。
2.根据权利要求1的一次性吸收制品,还包括在37℃时具有塑性或流体稠度的聚硅氧烷或硅氧烷蜡润滑剂。
3.根据权利要求1或2的一次性吸收制品,其中所述糖聚酯包含酯化的蔗糖或乳糖。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的一次性吸收制品,其中所述脂肪酸是具有8-22个碳原子的羧酸。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的一次性吸收制品,其中所述固定剂包含固体多羟基化合物聚酯。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的一次性吸收制品,其中所述液体糖聚酯包含用完全氢化和部分氢化的棉籽或豆油脂肪酸甲基酯的混合物进行酯化的蔗糖,或其混合物。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US08/510,681 US5609587A (en) | 1995-08-03 | 1995-08-03 | Diaper having a lotioned topsheet comprising a liquid polyol polyester emollient and an immobilizing agent |
US08/510681 | 1995-08-03 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN96197365A Division CN1198681A (zh) | 1995-08-03 | 1996-07-25 | 带有含液体多羟基聚酯润滑剂和固定剂的润肤液顶层的尿布 |
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CN101002958A true CN101002958A (zh) | 2007-07-25 |
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ID=24031733
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN96197365A Pending CN1198681A (zh) | 1995-08-03 | 1996-07-25 | 带有含液体多羟基聚酯润滑剂和固定剂的润肤液顶层的尿布 |
CNA2006101592990A Pending CN101002958A (zh) | 1995-08-03 | 1996-07-25 | 带有含液体多羟基聚酯润滑剂和固定剂的润肤液顶层的尿布 |
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CN96197365A Pending CN1198681A (zh) | 1995-08-03 | 1996-07-25 | 带有含液体多羟基聚酯润滑剂和固定剂的润肤液顶层的尿布 |
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JP (1) | JP3217793B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100279174B1 (zh) |
CN (2) | CN1198681A (zh) |
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-
1995
- 1995-08-03 US US08/510,681 patent/US5609587A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-07-25 BR BR9609970A patent/BR9609970A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-25 AU AU65982/96A patent/AU6598296A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-07-25 CN CN96197365A patent/CN1198681A/zh active Pending
- 1996-07-25 JP JP50846697A patent/JP3217793B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-25 PT PT96925485T patent/PT863773E/pt unknown
- 1996-07-25 CZ CZ1998258A patent/CZ291333B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-25 DE DE69621820T patent/DE69621820T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-25 EP EP96925485A patent/EP0863773B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-25 DK DK96925485T patent/DK0863773T3/da active
- 1996-07-25 TR TR1998/00144T patent/TR199800144T1/xx unknown
- 1996-07-25 HU HU9802361A patent/HU223615B1/hu active IP Right Grant
- 1996-07-25 KR KR1019980700783A patent/KR100279174B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-25 AT AT96925485T patent/ATE218895T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-25 CA CA002228043A patent/CA2228043C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-07-25 WO PCT/US1996/012234 patent/WO1997005909A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-07-25 ES ES96925485T patent/ES2177793T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-25 CN CNA2006101592990A patent/CN101002958A/zh active Pending
- 1996-08-01 MY MYPI96003150A patent/MY112331A/en unknown
- 1996-08-02 AR ARP960103857A patent/AR004945A1/es unknown
- 1996-08-02 ZA ZA9606611A patent/ZA966611B/xx unknown
- 1996-08-03 EG EG72696A patent/EG21364A/xx active
- 1996-12-30 TW TW085116252A patent/TW317495B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1998
- 1998-01-30 NO NO980418A patent/NO980418L/no unknown
- 1998-02-03 MX MX9800962A patent/MX9800962A/es unknown
Also Published As
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NO980418L (no) | 1998-04-03 |
WO1997005909A3 (en) | 1997-03-13 |
PT863773E (pt) | 2002-09-30 |
TW317495B (zh) | 1997-10-11 |
EG21364A (en) | 2001-09-30 |
AR004945A1 (es) | 1999-04-07 |
WO1997005909A2 (en) | 1997-02-20 |
HUP9802361A3 (en) | 2000-03-28 |
DK0863773T3 (da) | 2002-07-15 |
EP0863773B1 (en) | 2002-06-12 |
NO980418D0 (no) | 1998-01-30 |
DE69621820D1 (de) | 2002-07-18 |
CZ25898A3 (cs) | 1998-10-14 |
KR100279174B1 (ko) | 2002-07-12 |
ZA966611B (en) | 1997-02-18 |
CN1198681A (zh) | 1998-11-11 |
CZ291333B6 (cs) | 2003-02-12 |
AU6598296A (en) | 1997-03-05 |
CA2228043C (en) | 2002-01-01 |
MY112331A (en) | 2001-05-31 |
ATE218895T1 (de) | 2002-06-15 |
US5609587A (en) | 1997-03-11 |
TR199800144T1 (xx) | 1998-05-21 |
JP3217793B2 (ja) | 2001-10-15 |
BR9609970A (pt) | 1999-01-12 |
KR19990036115A (ko) | 1999-05-25 |
HU223615B1 (hu) | 2004-10-28 |
CA2228043A1 (en) | 1997-02-20 |
JPH11510416A (ja) | 1999-09-14 |
ES2177793T3 (es) | 2002-12-16 |
MX9800962A (es) | 1998-11-30 |
EP0863773A2 (en) | 1998-09-16 |
HUP9802361A2 (hu) | 1999-01-28 |
DE69621820T2 (de) | 2003-01-16 |
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