CN100503851C - Method for preparing tungsten copper or tungsten silver composite material - Google Patents

Method for preparing tungsten copper or tungsten silver composite material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100503851C
CN100503851C CNB2007100178822A CN200710017882A CN100503851C CN 100503851 C CN100503851 C CN 100503851C CN B2007100178822 A CNB2007100178822 A CN B2007100178822A CN 200710017882 A CN200710017882 A CN 200710017882A CN 100503851 C CN100503851 C CN 100503851C
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tungsten
copper
silver
composite material
tungsten filament
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CN101092669A (en
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许云华
史毅敏
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Xian University of Architecture and Technology
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Xian University of Architecture and Technology
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Abstract

This invention discloses a process for preparing W-Cu or W-Ag composite material. The method comprises: (1) selecting W wires, washing with acid, and cleaning; (2) using Cu wires or Ag wires as the weft threads and W wires as the warp threads, and performing two-dimensional weaving to obtain a net; (3) tailoring the net into sheets according to the requirement, laminating and packing; (4) placing Cu ingot or Ag ingot above the packed sheets, and infiltrating in a vacuum sintering furnace; (5) cooling to room temperature, and taking out to obtain W-Cu or W-Ag composite cathode bar; (6) performing mechanical processing to obtain W-Cu or W-Ag composite material. The W-Cu or W-Ag composite material has such advantages as low oxygen, nitrogen and inclusion contents, and high compactness.

Description

The preparation technology of tungsten copper or tungsten silver composite material
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation technology of matrix material, the preparation technology of particularly a kind of tungsten copper or tungsten silver composite material.
Background technology
Tungsten-copper composite material is immiscible tungsten, the pseudoalloy that the copper two-phase is uniformly mixed to form.It has the intrinsic physicals of tungsten, copper product concurrently, because tungsten has high fusing point, high density, the low coefficient of expansion and high intensity, copper has good conduction, thermal conductivity, thereby the WCu composite material has good anti-arc erosion, resistance fusion welding and high strength, good thermal conductivity and electroconductibility, obtained widespread use because of it.It is widely used in electrode materials and other field of the cathode material of power electronics, mesohigh appliance field and resistance welding, electrospark machining plasma heating, as the lead frame of the military project material of special purposes such as ray target, high-density alloy, rocket nozzle, aircraft larynx lining and unicircuit, heat sink substrate material etc.
Tungsten copper, the serial cathode material of tungsten silver mainly contain CuW50, CuW60, CuW70, CuW80, CuW90, AgW60, AgW70, AgW80, AgW90.The method for preparing at present tungsten copper, tungsten silver cathode matrix material mainly contains two kinds: (1) powder metallurgy process: promptly mix powder, compacting, sintering.But the relative density of this sintered article is very low, only is about 90% of theoretical density approximately.(2) infiltration method: tungsten powder or the powder mix that mixes part copper powder or silver powder are pressed into briquet, on briquet, place required copper or silver ingot then,, copper, silver are penetrated in the hole in the pressed compact, form tungsten copper, tungsten ag material with copper, silver fusing.More than two kinds of methods all be that method by the powder process sintering curing realizes, thereby all have following defective: (1) pulverizing process is difficult to avoid the pollution problem of metal Cu, Ag and W powder, as oxygen, nitrogen, inclusion content height; (2) owing to adopt compacting, agglomerating method, so be difficult to avoid existing in the product hole of some amount, promptly density is low, and product in use vacuum tightness is destroyed easily; (3) as the hard phase---the particle roundness of tungsten is relatively poor, and its also inaccessible higher homogeneity that distributes.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: the preparation technology of a kind of tungsten copper or tungsten silver composite material is provided,
Matrix material with this technology manufacturing contains oxygen, nitrogen content is low, and inclusion content is low, the density height.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that preparation technology of the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) selects the tungsten filament material for use, carry out pickling, cleaning;
(2) be parallel with copper wire or filamentary silver, tungsten filament is a warp, carries out control of two-dimensional braided according to processing requirement;
1. the radical of required tungsten filament is determined by formula;
1. formula is d W 2 4 π × h × N × ρ W ( a × b × h - d W 2 4 π × h × N ) × ρ Cu = M W M Cu
Wherein: a, b are respectively the length of institute's netting cross section and wide, and h is the tungsten filament height, d WBe used tungsten filament diameter, N is total radical of tungsten filament, ρ WBe the density of tungsten, ρ CuBe the density of copper or silver, M WBe the quality percentage composition of tungsten, M CuQuality percentage composition for copper or silver;
(3) tungsten copper or the tungsten silver net with braiding is cut into sheet by working condition requirement, the net sheet stacked suppress then, ties up;
(4) copper ingot or silver ingot are placed on flaky material top after tying up, in vacuum sintering furnace, carry out infiltration;
(5) cool to room temperature with the furnace, after the taking-up, promptly make tungsten copper or tungsten silver composite cathode bar;
(6) above-mentioned composite cathode bar is carried out mechanical workout, promptly make required composite component.
The selected tungsten filament diameter of described step (1) is 80～230 μ m, and selected tungsten filament diameter the best is 80～120 μ m.
Described step (4) infiltrating temperature is greater than copper or silver point temperature, and soaking time is 2～3 hours.
Vacuum tightness in described step (4) vacuum sintering furnace is greater than 1 * 10 -4Pa; Infiltrating temperature is greater than 200 ℃～250 ℃ of copper or silver point.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, copper that the present invention infiltrated or silver are all along the tungsten filament direction, and this is consistent with the conducting direction of material in the use, so the electric conductivity of material is high, the material than the traditional method preparation improves more than 30% approximately.Therefore, starting the arc probability in use and starting the arc intensity are less.
2, because the hole between tungsten filament connects, there is not the phenomenon of sealing, so in the molten infiltrate journey of vacuum, the copper liquid of fusing or silvering solution are easy to infiltrate in the hole of perforation.Therefore, the density height of the matrix material that is obtained.
3, because copper and silver carry out infiltration under vacuum condition, oxygen level and nitrogen content are all lower, and the purity of tungsten filament that uses and copper ingot (silver ingot) is very high, so the oxygen level of the matrix material of making, nitrogen content and foreign material content are lower.
4, the electrode materials inhomogeneity of structure of having avoided the mixed powder ununiformity in the traditional technology process to be caused makes combination electrode material in use local ablation phenomen can not occur.
5, the strengthening phase tungsten of matrix material has the effect that strengthens mechanical property, and the intensity of material, hardness are increased, and the arc erosion rate is reduced.And fused copper under arcing because the effect of capillarity attraction can make melts be filled in again in the W skeleton, so just can weaken the splash of cathode material.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail:
Fig. 1 is tungsten copper of the present invention or tungsten silver composite material two dimension knitmesh synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is preparation technology's schema of tungsten copper of the present invention or tungsten silver composite material.
Among the figure: 1-copper wire or filamentary silver, 2-tungsten filament.
Embodiment
Preparation technology of the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) selecting diameter for use is 80～230 μ m tungsten filament materials, carries out pickling, cleaning;
(2) be parallel with copper wire or filamentary silver, tungsten filament is a warp, carries out control of two-dimensional braided according to processing requirement;
1. the radical of required tungsten filament is determined by formula;
1. formula is d W 2 4 π × h × N × ρ W ( a × b × h - d W 2 4 π × h × N ) × ρ Cu = M W M Cu
A, b are respectively the length of institute's netting cross section and wide, and h is the tungsten filament height, d WBe used tungsten filament diameter, N is total radical of tungsten, ρ W, ρ CuBe respectively the density of tungsten and copper, M W, M CuQuality percentage composition for tungsten and copper; Copper wire is required few, induces copper liquid when being mainly used in auxiliary netting and infiltration;
(3) tungsten copper or the tungsten silver net with braiding is cut into sheet by working condition requirement, the net sheet stacked suppress then, ties up;
(4) material after will tying up vertically is placed on crucible, and copper ingot or silver ingot are placed on flaky material top after tying up, carries out infiltration in vacuum sintering furnace, and infiltrating temperature is greater than copper or silver point temperature, and soaking time is 2～3 hours; Vacuum tightness in the vacuum sintering furnace is greater than 1 * 10 -4Pa; Infiltrating temperature is greater than 200～250 ℃ of copper or silver point.
(5) cool to room temperature with the furnace, after the taking-up, promptly make tungsten copper or tungsten silver composite cathode bar;
(6), above-mentioned composite cathode bar is carried out mechanical workout, promptly make required composite component.
Make tungsten copper or tungsten silver composite cathode bar, material structure is that tungsten filament is evenly distributed, is full of copper or silver between tungsten filament.
Make tungsten copper or tungsten silver composite cathode bar with above-mentioned technology, its structure is that each tungsten filament is evenly distributed, is full of copper or silver between tungsten filament.
Machinings such as tungsten copper that above-mentioned technology is made or tungsten silver composite bar can directly cut, grinding are made cathode element, as contact, electrode etc.; Also can roll the matrix material of infiltration gained earlier, carry out other mechanical workout again, so that adjust the size of composite bar and the spacing between tungsten filament.
Can prepare following tungsten copper or tungsten silver serial cathode material, i.e. CuW50, CuW60, CuW70, CuW80, CuW90, AgW60, AgW 70, AgW 80, AgW 90 etc. with technology of the present invention.The step of preparation process of above-mentioned each serial cathode material is identical, and the main difference point is that the diameter of selected copper wire or filamentary silver is inequality owing to copper tungsten or silver-tungsten composite material quality percentage composition difference.Because if the quality percentage composition of institute's tungstenic increases, institute's netting will be tightr, and the tungsten filament silk is beneficial to braiding more through thin more.1. also can draw this conclusion from formula.
Below be the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the invention is not restricted to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
The technology of preparation Cu40W60 cathode material contact is referring to Fig. 2.
(1) selecting diameter for use is the tungsten filament material of 100～120 μ m, and carries out the pickling cleaning, supposes to get d w=100 μ m, the preparation sample is 4cm * 4cm * 3cm, utilizing formula 1. to calculate required tungsten filament is 85 * 10 3Root, braiding two-dimensional mesh (as shown in Figure 1); Copper wire is required few, induces copper liquid when being mainly used in auxiliary netting and infiltration;
(2) press the size of working condition requirement, the tungsten copper net is cut into the net sheet of 4cm * 3cm;
(3) will cut out good net sheet stacks, suppresses, ties up;
(4) prefabricated component vertically is placed in the vacuum oven, places copper ingot above it, and make the interior vacuum degree control of stove 1 * 10 -4Pa, heating then, infiltrating temperature is 1250 ℃, soaking time 3 hours fully penetrates in the gap between tungsten filament copper liquid after the fusing;
(5) cool to room temperature with the furnace, after the taking-up, promptly making diameter is that 4cm, length are the tungsten silver composite cathode bar of 3cm;
(6) the negative electrode bar of making is rolled distortion, and carries out mechanical workout, make the tungsten copper composite cathode material.
Embodiment 2:
The technology of preparation Cu30W70 cathode material contact is referring to Fig. 2.
(1) selecting diameter for use is the tungsten filament material of 80～100 μ m, and carries out the pickling cleaning, supposes to get d w=100 μ m, the preparation sample is 4cm * 4cm * 3cm, utilizing formula 1. to calculate required tungsten filament is 106 * 10 3Root, braiding two-dimensional mesh (as shown in Figure 1); Copper wire is required few, induces copper liquid when being mainly used in auxiliary netting and infiltration;
(2) press the size of working condition requirement, the tungsten copper net is cut into the net sheet of 4cm * 3cm;
(3) will cut out good net sheet stacks, suppresses, ties up;
(4) prefabricated component vertically is placed in the vacuum oven, places copper ingot above it, and make the interior vacuum degree control of stove 1 * 10 -4Pa, heating then, infiltrating temperature is 1350 ℃, soaking time 3.5 hours fully penetrates in the gap between tungsten filament copper liquid after the fusing;
(5) cool to room temperature with the furnace, after the taking-up, promptly making diameter is that 4cm, length are the tungsten silver composite cathode bar of 3cm;
(6) the negative electrode bar of making is rolled distortion, and carries out mechanical workout, make the tungsten copper composite cathode material.
Embodiment 3:
The technology of preparation Ag40W60 cathode material contact is referring to Fig. 2.
(1) selecting diameter for use is the tungsten filament material of 100～120 μ m, and carries out the pickling cleaning, supposes to get d w=100 μ m, the preparation sample is 4cm * 4cm * 3cm, utilizing formula 1. to calculate required tungsten filament is 92 * 10 3Root, braiding two-dimensional mesh (as shown in Figure 1); Filamentary silver is required few, induces silvering solution when being mainly used in auxiliary netting and infiltration;
(2) press the size of working condition requirement, tungsten silver net is cut into length 4cm * 3cm;
(3) will cut out good net sheet stacks, suppresses, ties up
(4) prefabricated component vertically is placed in the vacuum oven, places silver ingot above it, and make the interior vacuum degree control of stove 1.5 * 10 -4More than the Pa, heating then, rate of heating is 3～10 ℃/minute, and infiltrating temperature is 1150 ℃, and soaking time 2 hours fully penetrates in the rhabdion in the gap between each tungsten filament silvering solution after the fusing;
(5) cool to room temperature with the furnace, after the taking-up, promptly make tungsten silver composite cathode bar;
(6) the composite cathode bar of making is directly carried out mechanical workout, make tungsten silver composite cathode material.
Embodiment 4:
The technology of preparation Ag30W70 cathode material contact is referring to Fig. 2.
(1) selecting diameter for use is the tungsten filament material of 80～100 μ m, and carries out the pickling cleaning, supposes to get d w=100 μ m, the preparation sample is 4cm * 4cm * 3cm, utilizing formula 1. to calculate required tungsten filament is 114 * 10 3Root, braiding two-dimensional mesh (as shown in Figure 1); Filamentary silver is required few, induces silvering solution when being mainly used in auxiliary netting and infiltration;
(2) press the size of working condition requirement, tungsten silver net is cut into the net sheet of 4cm * 3cm;
(3) will cut out good net sheet stacks, suppresses, ties up;
(4) prefabricated component vertically is placed in the vacuum oven, places purple silver ingot above it, and make the interior vacuum degree control of stove 1 * 10 -4Pa, heating then, infiltrating temperature is 1300 ℃, soaking time 3 hours fully penetrates in the gap between tungsten filament silvering solution after the fusing;
(5) cool to room temperature with the furnace, after the taking-up, promptly make tungsten silver composite cathode bar;
(6) the negative electrode bar of making is rolled distortion, and carries out mechanical workout, make tungsten silver composite cathode material.

Claims (5)

1, the preparation technology of a kind of tungsten copper or tungsten silver composite material is characterized in that, this preparation technology comprises the steps:
(1) selects the tungsten filament material for use, carry out pickling, cleaning;
(2) be parallel with copper wire or filamentary silver, tungsten filament is a warp, carries out control of two-dimensional braided according to processing requirement;
1. the radical of required tungsten filament is determined by formula;
1. formula is d W 2 4 π × h × N × ρ W ( a × b × h - d W 2 4 π × h × N ) × ρ Cu = M W M Cu
Wherein: a, b are respectively the length of institute's netting cross section and wide, and h is the tungsten filament height, d WWBe the tungsten filament diameter, N is total radical of tungsten filament, ρ WBe the density of tungsten, ρ CuBe the density of copper or silver, M WBe the quality percentage composition of tungsten, M CuQuality percentage composition for copper or silver;
(3) tungsten copper or the tungsten silver net with braiding is cut into sheet by working condition requirement, the net sheet stacked suppress then, ties up;
(4) copper ingot or silver ingot are placed on flaky material top after tying up, in vacuum sintering furnace, carry out infiltration;
(5) cool to room temperature with the furnace, after the taking-up, promptly make tungsten copper or tungsten silver composite cathode bar;
(6) above-mentioned composite cathode bar is carried out mechanical workout, make required composite component.
2, the preparation technology of tungsten copper as claimed in claim 1 or tungsten silver composite material is characterized in that, the selected tungsten filament diameter of described step (1) is 80 μ m～230 μ m.
3, the preparation technology of tungsten copper as claimed in claim 1 or tungsten silver composite material is characterized in that, the tungsten filament diameter that described step (1) is selected for use is 80 μ m～120 μ m.
4, the preparation technology of tungsten copper as claimed in claim 1 or tungsten silver composite material is characterized in that, described step (4) infiltrating temperature is greater than copper or silver point temperature, and soaking time is 2 hours～3 hours.
5, the preparation technology of tungsten copper as claimed in claim 1 or tungsten silver composite material is characterized in that, the vacuum tightness in described step (4) vacuum sintering furnace is greater than 1 * 10 -4Pa; Infiltrating temperature is greater than 200 ℃～250 ℃ of copper or silver point.
CNB2007100178822A 2007-05-18 2007-05-18 Method for preparing tungsten copper or tungsten silver composite material Expired - Fee Related CN100503851C (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8253233B2 (en) * 2008-02-14 2012-08-28 Infineon Technologies Ag Module including a sintered joint bonding a semiconductor chip to a copper surface
CN102061431B (en) * 2010-12-17 2013-04-03 上海工程技术大学 Tungsten-copper composite material and preparation method thereof
CN105039876B (en) * 2015-07-06 2017-05-03 西安理工大学 Preparation method for W-Cu composite materials of fiber and particle hybrid structure
CN107739862A (en) * 2017-10-24 2018-02-27 宝鸡市铭坤有色金属有限公司 A kind of preparation method of tungsten-copper alloy material
CN110614381B (en) * 2019-08-06 2022-09-23 温州聚星电接触科技有限公司 Preparation method of silver-based graphene electrical contact material and electrical contact material thereof
CN110885945B (en) * 2019-11-20 2021-03-23 厦门虹鹭钨钼工业有限公司 Preparation method of tungsten-copper bar with large length-diameter ratio
CN112975307B (en) * 2021-05-11 2021-07-30 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 Method for improving brazing strength of tungsten-copper part

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
纤维结构W/Cu触头材料制备工艺及性能的研究. 王临茹.西安建筑科技大学学位论文. 2005
纤维结构W/Cu触头材料制备工艺及性能的研究. 王临茹.西安建筑科技大学学位论文. 2005 *
纤维结构W/Cu触头材料的制备. 史毅敏等.铸造技术，第27卷第11期. 2006
纤维结构W/Cu触头材料的制备. 史毅敏等.铸造技术，第27卷第11期. 2006 *

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