CN100485351C - Multifunction refrigeration air conditioner test platform - Google Patents
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Abstract
多功能制冷空调试验平台是一种可以完成多种教学试验如制冷压缩机性能测试，冷水机组性能测试，水-水换热器传热，阻力性能测试，水泵性能测试，组合式空调箱性能测试，变风量空调箱试验，变流量试验，电子膨胀阀控制试验，热力膨胀阀和手动膨胀阀性能试验的综合试验平台。该多功能制冷空调试验***由制冷***，空气处理***和控制柜组成。控制柜由制冷***，空气处理***的各用电器件的空气开关，交流接触器，控制中间继电器，控制用高精度调节器，执行器，测量仪表，数据采集器，动态模拟显示低压电路，数据采集和控制用计算机等构成。
The multifunctional refrigeration and air conditioning test platform is a kind of teaching test that can complete a variety of teaching tests, such as refrigeration compressor performance test, chiller performance test, water-water heat exchanger heat transfer, resistance performance test, water pump performance test, combined air conditioning box performance test , A comprehensive test platform for variable air volume air conditioning box test, variable flow test, electronic expansion valve control test, thermal expansion valve and manual expansion valve performance test. The multifunctional refrigeration and air conditioning test system consists of refrigeration system, air handling system and control cabinet. The control cabinet consists of refrigeration system, air switch, AC contactor, control intermediate relay, high-precision regulator for control, actuator, measuring instrument, data collector, dynamic analog display low-voltage circuit, data Acquisition and control are composed of computers and the like.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明是一种用于制冷空调的多功能试验平台，涉及制冷空调测试设备制造的技术领域。The invention relates to a multifunctional test platform for refrigeration and air conditioning, and relates to the technical field of refrigeration and air conditioning test equipment manufacturing.
背景技术 Background technique
目前，我国有100多所院校设置了建筑环境与设备专业，同时设置热能工程专业的院校都有制冷与低温专业方向。这些学校建筑环境设备专业和制冷与低温工程专业的本科生和研究生的培养实践和试验环节是这种工程性很强的专业非常重要的环节，但是单独设置按照国家测试标准要求建设压缩机性能试验，空调箱试验，冷水机组试验等多种试验***需要巨大的资金投资，不符合多数院校小投入，多产出的要求。因此一种能实现这个专业教学实践和试验培养环节要求的，投入少，多功能的试验平台是很多院校的迫切要求。At present, more than 100 colleges and universities in my country have set up majors in architectural environment and equipment, and colleges and universities with thermal engineering majors have refrigeration and low temperature majors. The practice and testing of undergraduates and postgraduates majoring in building environment equipment and refrigeration and low temperature engineering in these schools is a very important part of this highly engineering major, but the compressor performance test is set up in accordance with the national testing standards. , Air-conditioning box test, chiller test and other test systems require huge capital investment, which does not meet the requirements of most colleges and universities for small investment and high output. Therefore, a multi-functional test platform that can realize the requirements of this professional teaching practice and test training link with less investment is an urgent requirement of many colleges and universities.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
技术问题：本发明的目的是提供一种制冷空调多功能试验平台，在同一平台上可以方便的切换到不同的试验种类，通过自动控制改变试验的不同工况。Technical problem: The purpose of this invention is to provide a multifunctional test platform for refrigeration and air conditioning, which can easily switch to different test types on the same platform, and change the different working conditions of the test through automatic control.
技术方案：该制冷空调多功能试验平台由制冷部分、空气处理部分和控制柜所组成，制冷部分包括制冷***、冷媒***、冷却水***、冷媒水***，其中：在制冷***中：变频压缩机的两端分别接冷凝器、蒸发器，冷凝器蒸发器的另一端通过相串接的手动膨胀阀、第一阀门相连接成一个回路，在手动膨胀阀的两端并联有电子膨胀阀，第二阀门、热力膨胀阀相串接后并联在相串接的手动膨胀阀、第一阀门的两端；Technical solution: The multifunctional test platform for refrigeration and air conditioning is composed of a refrigeration part, an air handling part and a control cabinet. The refrigeration part includes a refrigeration system, a refrigerant system, a cooling water system, and a refrigerant water system. Among them: in the refrigeration system: Inverter compressor The two ends of the condenser are respectively connected to the condenser and the evaporator. The other end of the condenser and the evaporator are connected in series through a manual expansion valve and the first valve to form a circuit. An electronic expansion valve is connected in parallel at both ends of the manual expansion valve. The second valve and the thermal expansion valve are connected in series and then connected in parallel at both ends of the manual expansion valve and the first valve connected in series;
在冷媒***中：流量计二、第二恒温器、第三阀门、第七阀门、冷媒—水板式换热器、第八阀门、第十阀门、冷媒泵相串联成一个回路，蒸发器的两端分别通过第四阀门、第五阀门并联在第三阀门的两端，蓄冷装置的两端分别通过第九阀门、第十阀门并联在第十阀门的两端，第六阀门的两端并联在相串联的第七阀门、第八阀门、冷媒—水板式换热器的两端；In the refrigerant system: the second flow meter, the second thermostat, the third valve, the seventh valve, the refrigerant-water plate heat exchanger, the eighth valve, the tenth valve, and the refrigerant pump are connected in series to form a circuit. The two ends of the cold storage device are respectively connected in parallel to the two ends of the third valve through the fourth valve and the fifth valve, the two ends of the cold storage device are respectively connected in parallel to the two ends of the tenth valve through the ninth valve and the tenth valve, and the two ends of the sixth valve are connected in parallel to the The seventh valve, the eighth valve, and the two ends of the refrigerant-water plate heat exchanger connected in series;
在冷却水***中：冷却塔进水端通过一个第二十一阀门接冷凝器的出口，冷却塔的出水端通过相串联的冷却水泵、第十八阀门、第一恒温器，流量计一、第十九阀门接冷凝器的进口，第十七阀门的一端接冷却水泵、第十八阀门之间，阀门的另一端接第十九阀门与冷凝器之间；In the cooling water system: the water inlet of the cooling tower is connected to the outlet of the condenser through a 21st valve, and the water outlet of the cooling tower is connected in series with the cooling water pump, the 18th valve, the first thermostat,
在冷媒水***中：冷媒-水板式换热器、第十二阀门、水泵、第十三阀门、第十五阀门、第一恒温器、流量计一、阀门相串联成一个回路，第十四阀门、表冷器、第十六阀门相串联后并联在第十五阀门的两端；In the refrigerant water system: the refrigerant-water plate heat exchanger, the twelfth valve, the water pump, the thirteenth valve, the fifteenth valve, the first thermostat, the
在空气处理部分中：测量喷嘴、表冷器、加热器、加湿器、变频风机顺序排列，空气从测量喷嘴进，由变频风机送出。In the air treatment part: the measuring nozzle, surface cooler, heater, humidifier, and frequency conversion fan are arranged in sequence, and the air enters from the measurement nozzle and is sent out by the frequency conversion fan.
控制***由制冷***，冷媒***，冷却水***，风***的各用电器件如压缩机，电磁阀，恒温器一，冷媒泵，恒温器二，冷却水泵，冷却塔风机，水泵等的空气开关，交流接触器，控制用中间继电器，控制用高精度调节器，执行器(固态继电器，电子膨胀阀控制器)，测量仪表，数据采集器，动态模拟显示低压电路，计算机等构成。The control system consists of refrigeration system, refrigerant system, cooling water system, and various electrical components of the wind system, such as compressors, solenoid valves,
在该平台上体现了制冷空调的所用常用的设备，而且对关键设备如压缩机，水泵，空调箱，膨胀阀的性能可以根据国家标准进行性能的试验，同时可以对制冷***如冷水机组，空气处理***进行***的性能试验。The platform reflects the common equipment used in refrigeration and air conditioning, and the performance of key equipment such as compressors, water pumps, air conditioning boxes, and expansion valves can be tested according to national standards. At the same time, refrigeration systems such as chillers, air The processing system conducts a performance test of the system.
由于多个试验分别建设独立的试验台，仪表，设备和控制器件的投入将是复合的多功能平台的若干倍，同时制冷空调***没有有机的结合在一起，学生看到的是独立的***，不利于学生建立实际应用中的综合***的感观认识。本制冷空调多功能试验***将制冷空调的常规***按实际使用的情况有机的组合在一起，并加入按照国家试验标准设置的控制部件，仪表，测量仪表。在该平台上学生不但可以认识实际使用的制冷空调***，而且对***种的关键设备，以及主要制冷，空调***可以进行性能试验，学生可以通过操作，定量的分析设备和***的情况，分析参数对设备和***运行情况的影响。本试验平台体现良好的扩展和便于科学研究的功能，研究生甚至老师可以更换设备的情况下进行科研试验。Due to the construction of independent test benches for multiple experiments, the investment in instruments, equipment and control devices will be several times that of a composite multifunctional platform. At the same time, the refrigeration and air conditioning systems are not organically combined. What students see is an independent system. It is not conducive to students to establish a sensory understanding of the comprehensive system in practical applications. This refrigeration and air-conditioning multifunctional test system organically combines the conventional systems of refrigeration and air-conditioning according to the actual use conditions, and adds control components, instruments and measuring instruments set according to national test standards. On this platform, students can not only understand the actual use of refrigeration and air-conditioning systems, but also conduct performance tests on the key equipment of the system, as well as the main refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. Students can quantitatively analyze the conditions of equipment and systems, and analyze parameters through operation. Impact on equipment and system operation. This test platform embodies good expansion and convenient scientific research functions, and graduate students and even teachers can carry out scientific research experiments under the condition of changing equipment.
本发明提供的制冷空调多功能试验平台，可以完成多种教学试验如制冷压缩机性能测试，冷水机组性能测试，水—水换热器传热，阻力性能测试，水泵性能测试，组合式空调箱性能测试，变风量空调箱试验，变流量试验，电子膨胀阀控制试验，热力膨胀阀和手动膨胀阀性能试验。所有的试验在同一个平台上完成，每个试验通过电气***，电脑控制***的切换和阀门的切换实现试验控制***，数据采集***，对应软件的切换以及仪表使用的切换。在同一平台上可以方便的切换到不同的试验种类，通过自动控制改变试验的不同工况。数据采集和试验报告，报表通过计算机以及数据接口自动完成。The multifunctional test platform for refrigeration and air conditioning provided by the present invention can complete various teaching tests such as refrigeration compressor performance test, water chiller performance test, water-water heat exchanger heat transfer, resistance performance test, water pump performance test, combined air conditioning box Performance test, variable air volume air conditioning box test, variable flow test, electronic expansion valve control test, thermal expansion valve and manual expansion valve performance test. All tests are completed on the same platform, and each test realizes the switching of the test control system, data acquisition system, corresponding software and instrument use through switching of the electrical system, computer control system and switching of valves. It is convenient to switch to different test types on the same platform, and change different working conditions of the test through automatic control. Data collection and test report, the report is automatically completed through the computer and the data interface.
技术效果：本发明是在多次试验台建设的实践种总结，改进，优化后提出的多功能的制冷空调试验平台，通过管路切换，仪表的共用实现一个平台多功能试验，同时与多个独立试验台相比，投入大大减少。Technical effect: the present invention summarizes, improves and optimizes the multi-functional refrigeration and air-conditioning test platform after the practice of multiple test bench constructions. Through pipeline switching and instrument sharing, a multifunctional test platform can be realized. Simultaneously with multiple Compared with an independent test bench, the investment is greatly reduced.
该试验平台可以完成多种教学试验如制冷压缩机性能测试，冷水机组性能测试，水—水换热器传热，阻力性能测试，水泵性能测试，组合式空调箱性能测试，变风量空调箱试验，变流量试验，电子膨胀阀控制试验，热力膨胀阀和手动膨胀阀性能试验的综合试验平台；多项试验都按照国家试验标准进行设计和配置，试验数据具有科学参考价值；该试验平台的多功能是通过巧妙的设计实现的，测量用的以其仪表，控制仪器和控制设备都是通过切换实现共用，因此投入比单独设置的多个试验***成级数的降低，同时学生在同一试验平台上可以获得独立试验装置上无法获得的实际运行***本来相互关联的认识，对教学和学生掌握工程应用知识大有补益。The test platform can complete a variety of teaching tests such as refrigeration compressor performance test, chiller performance test, water-water heat exchanger heat transfer, resistance performance test, water pump performance test, combined air conditioning box performance test, variable air volume air conditioning box test , variable flow test, electronic expansion valve control test, thermal expansion valve and manual expansion valve performance test comprehensive test platform; a number of tests are designed and configured in accordance with national test standards, and the test data has scientific reference value; many of the test platform The function is realized through ingenious design. The instruments used for measurement, control instruments and control equipment are all shared by switching, so the investment is reduced in series compared with multiple test systems set up separately. It is possible to obtain the interrelated understanding of the actual operating system that cannot be obtained on the independent test device, which is of great benefit to teaching and students' mastering of engineering application knowledge.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
图中有：变频压缩机1，冷凝器2，手动膨胀阀5，电子膨胀阀6，热力膨胀阀7，蒸发器8，冷媒泵9，流量计二10，恒温器二11，冷媒—水换热器18，蓄冷装置22，水泵24，空调箱冷却盘管29，加热器30，加湿器31，变频风机32，测量喷嘴33，冷却塔34，冷却水泵35，恒温器一38，流量计一39，第一阀门3、第二阀门4、第三阀门12、第四阀门13、第五阀门14、第六阀门15、第七阀门16、第八阀门17、第九阀门19、第十阀门20、第十一阀门21、第十二阀门23、第十三阀门25、第十四阀门26、第十五阀门27、第十六阀门28、第十七阀门36、第十八阀门37、第十九阀门40、第二十阀门41、第二十一阀门42。In the figure there are:
图2是本发明控制部分的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the control part of the present invention.
具体实施方式： Detailed ways:
本发明制冷空调多功能试验平台主要由制冷部分、空气处理部分和控制柜所组成，制冷部分包括制冷***、冷媒***、冷却水***、冷媒水***，其中：The refrigeration and air conditioning multifunctional test platform of the present invention is mainly composed of a refrigeration part, an air treatment part and a control cabinet. The refrigeration part includes a refrigeration system, a refrigerant system, a cooling water system, and a refrigerant water system, wherein:
在制冷***中：变频压缩机1的两端分别接冷凝器2、蒸发器8，冷凝器2、蒸发器8的另一端通过相串接的手动膨胀阀5、第一阀门3相连接成一个回路，在手动膨胀阀5的两端并联有电子膨胀阀6，第二阀门4、热力膨胀阀7相串接后并联在相串接的手动膨胀阀5、第一阀门3的两端；In the refrigeration system: the two ends of the
在冷媒***中：流量计二10、第二恒温器11、第三阀门12、第七阀门16、冷媒—水板式换热器18、第八阀门17、第十阀门20、冷媒泵9相串联成一个回路，蒸发器8的两端分别通过第四阀门13、第五阀门14并联在第三阀门12的两端，蓄冷装置22的两端分别通过第九阀门19、第十阀门20并联在第十阀门20的两端，第六阀门15的两端并联在相串联的第七阀门16、第八阀门17、冷媒—水板式换热器18的两端；In the refrigerant system:
在冷却水***中：冷却塔34进水端通过一个第二十一阀门42接冷凝器2的出口，冷却塔34的出水端通过相串联的冷却水泵35、第十八阀门37、第一恒温器38，流量计一39、第十九阀门40接冷凝器2的进口，第十七阀门36的一端接冷却水泵35、第十八阀门37之间，阀门36的另一端接第十九阀门40与冷凝器2之间；In the cooling water system: the water inlet of the
在冷媒水***中：冷媒—水板式换热器18、第十二阀门23、水泵24、第十三阀门25、第十五阀门27、第一恒温器38、流量计一39、阀门41相串联成一个回路，第十四阀门26、表冷器29、第十六阀门28相串联后并联在第十五阀门27的两端；In the refrigerant water system: refrigerant—water
在空气处理部分中：测量喷嘴33、表冷器29、加热器30、加湿器31、变频风机32顺序排列，空气从测量喷嘴33进，由变频风机32送出。In the air processing part: the
该装置可以以下几种模式运行：The unit can operate in the following modes:
1.冷水机组试验，通过变频压缩机1，冷凝器2，经过手阀4，热力膨胀阀7，进入蒸发器8后再进入变频压缩机1，第一阀门3关闭；冷却水通过冷却塔34、冷却水泵35、第十八阀门37、恒温器一38、流量计一39、第十九阀门40、冷凝器2继续进入冷却塔34，第十七阀门36、第二十阀门41关闭；冷媒水通过恒温器二11、流量计二10、冷媒泵9、第十阀门20、第六阀门15、第五阀门14、第四阀门13、蒸发器8继续进入恒温器二，第三阀门12第七阀门16、第八阀门17、第九阀门19、第十一阀门21关闭；冷媒进口温度通过恒温器二11调节，出口温度通过第四阀门13调节，冷却水进口温度通1. Chiller test, through the
过恒温器一38调节，出口温度通过第二十一阀门42调节。通过蒸发器侧冷媒流量和冷媒进出口温度可以得出制冷量，压缩计的耗功通过电参数仪表测得。性能系数可以计算得出；通过恒温器和阀门改变冷媒水，冷却水的进出口温度。2.压缩机试验：通过变频压缩机1、冷凝器2、第一阀门3、通过电子膨胀阀6手动膨胀阀5进入蒸发器8后再进入变频压缩机1，第二阀门4关闭；冷却水通过冷却塔34，冷却水泵35，第十八阀门37，恒温器一38，流量计一39，第十九阀门40，冷凝器2继续进入冷却塔34，第十七阀门36、第二十阀门41关闭；冷媒水通过恒温器二11、流量计二10、冷媒泵9、第十阀门20、第六阀门15、第五阀门14、第四阀门13、蒸发器8继续进入恒温器二11，第三阀门12、第七阀门16、第八阀门17、第九阀门19、第十一阀门21、关闭继续进入恒温器二；压缩机吸气压力通过恒温器二38调节，吸气温度通过电子膨胀阀6调节，排气压力通过恒温器一11调节；通过蒸发器侧冷媒流量和冷媒进出口温度可以得出制冷量后蒸发器进出口的的温度压力可以计算的进出焓差，由此可以计算出压缩机中质量流量，通过冷凝器侧冷媒流量和冷媒进出口温度可以得出制冷量后冷凝器进出口的的温度压力可以计算的进出焓差，由此可以计算出压缩机中质量流量；压缩计的耗功通过电参数仪表测得。性能系数可以计算得出；通过恒温器和电子膨胀阀可以调节吸气压力，排气压力和吸气温度，由此可以得出压缩机变工况性能曲线。Through thermostat one 38 regulation, outlet temperature is regulated through twenty-
3.冷媒—水换热器试验，通过变频压缩机1，冷凝器2，第二阀门4，热力膨胀阀7进入蒸发器8后再进入变频压缩机1；冷却水通过冷却塔34，冷却水泵35，第十七阀门36，冷凝器2后，继续进入冷却塔34，第十八阀门37关闭；冷媒通过恒温器二11，流量计二10，冷媒泵9，第十阀门20、第八阀门17、冷媒—水换热器18，第七阀门16、、第五阀门14，蒸发器8，第四阀门13再进入恒温器二11，第十一阀门21、第九阀门19、第六阀门15、第三阀门12、关闭；水通过水泵24、第十三阀门25、第十五阀门27、恒温器38、流量计39、第二十阀门41、冷媒—水换热器18、第十二阀门23、再经过水泵24，第十四阀门26、第十六阀门28、第十九阀门40关闭；冷媒—水换热器冷媒进口温度通过恒温器二调节，出口温度通过阀门调节，冷媒—水换热器水进口温度通过恒温器一调节，出口温度通过阀门调节，通过蒸发器侧冷媒流量和换热器冷媒进出口温度可以得出冷媒侧吸热量，通过冷水侧冷水流量和冷水进出口温度可以得出冷水侧吸热量；换热器的阻力通过差压变送器测出。3. Refrigerant-water heat exchanger test, through the
4.水泵试验，利用冷媒水***中的水泵进行水泵流量与扬程关系试验，水经过水泵24，第十三阀门25、第十五阀门27、恒温器一38、流量计一39、第二十阀门41、冷媒—水换热器18，后进水泵24入口，调节水泵后的第十三阀门25来调节***中的阻力，通过流量计一39和水泵进出口设置的压力传感器测出水泵的流量和水泵的扬程，改变第十三阀门25开度，可以改变管路中的阻力，流量，得出一系列的流量以及对应的水泵的扬程；可以汇出水泵的流量—扬程曲线。5.变流量试验，本试验***中配置的是变频压缩机，外接控制变频器，改变压缩机的运转频率，可以调节制冷***中的流量，可以再压缩机运转相同模式下运行，而工况仍然可以通过恒温器一38控制排气压力，恒温器二11控制吸气压力，吸气温度通过电子膨胀阀6作出相应的调节。由此可以得出再不同的压缩机运转频率下，***中流量，***的性能系数。而且改变频率，可以得出压缩机变频率运行特性。4. Water pump test, use the water pump in the refrigerant water system to conduct the test of the relationship between the pump flow and the head, the water passes through the
6.膨胀阀试验，本试验***中设置了手动膨胀阀，电子膨胀阀，热力膨胀阀，***在压缩机运转模式或冷水机组运转模式下运行，学生可以再实际的制冷***运行的情况下测试膨胀阀的性能，阀前压力通过恒温器一38调节控制，阀后压力通过恒温器二11控制调节，阀的流量通过压缩机试验程序可以计算得出。改变阀前，阀后压力可以得出阀门不同工况下流量和压力之间的关系。6. Expansion valve test. Manual expansion valve, electronic expansion valve and thermal expansion valve are set in this test system. The system operates in compressor operation mode or chiller operation mode. Students can test it under the actual refrigeration system operation The performance of the expansion valve, the pressure before the valve is adjusted and controlled by the thermostat 138, the pressure after the valve is controlled by the thermostat 211, and the flow rate of the valve can be calculated through the compressor test program. The relationship between the flow and pressure of the valve under different working conditions can be obtained by changing the pressure before and after the valve.
7.组合式空调箱试验，本***通过阀门的切换，向空调箱盘管中提供冷媒水，机组在冷媒—水换热器的模式下运行，关闭第十五阀门27，开启第十六阀门28、第十四阀门26，水通过水泵24，第十三阀门25、第十四阀门26、空调箱表冷器29、第十六阀门28、恒温器38、流量计39，第二十阀门41，冷媒—水换热器7. Combined air-conditioning box test, the system provides refrigerant water to the coil of the air-conditioning box through the switching of valves, the unit operates in the mode of refrigerant-water heat exchanger, closes the
18、第十二阀门23，再经过水泵24，第十五阀门27、第十九阀门40关闭；空调箱出口设置了加热器30和加湿器31，空调箱的进口，出口，冷却盘管的出口设置空气采样和温湿度测量装置，空气的状态由此可以确定，空气的流量通过空调箱中的喷嘴可以测出。学生可以定量的分析组合式空调箱的性能。加热器和加湿器受调节器和控制器的控制，空气出口的干球温度，湿球温度可以精确控制再±0.2℃以内。18. The
8.变风量***试验，在组合式空调箱试验的基础上行，空调箱变频风机32受变频器和调节器的控制，通过风机的变频改变转速而改变风量，由此可以得出不同风量下空调箱的换热量，除湿量等，通过和压缩机变频的配合，可以进行制冷***变流量和空调箱变风量的关系的试验。8. The test of the variable air volume system is carried out on the basis of the combined air-conditioning box test. The variable-
9.蓄冷和释冷试验，本试验平台的冷媒***中设置了蓄冷装置22，冷媒可以通过切换不通过冷媒—水换热器吸热而进入蓄冷装置中向蓄冷介质吸热，蓄冷介质放热后一冰球或冰块形式蓄冷。制冷***再蓄冷完成后可以停止，通过阀门的切换，冷媒经过蓄冷装置和冷媒—水换热器向冷媒水释冷。蓄冷时第六阀门15开，第十阀门20、第七阀门16、第八阀门17、第三阀门12关闭，冷媒通过冷媒泵9、第十一阀门21、蓄冷装置22、第九阀门19、第第六阀门15、五阀门14、蒸发器8、第四阀门13、恒温器二11，流量计二10，在进入水泵9，释冷时第四阀门13、第五阀门14、第六阀门15、第十阀门20关闭，冷媒通过冷媒泵9、第十一阀门21、蓄冷装置22、第九阀门19、第八阀门17、冷媒—水换热器18放出冷量，经过第七阀门16、第三阀门12、恒温器二11，流量计二10，再进入水泵9，本***还可以实现制冷***和蓄冷装置同时向冷媒—水换热器(即用户)供冷的试验。这都是实际的冰蓄冷空调***中常规的运转形式，学生可以再这个小型的冰蓄冷装置上了解到工程实际中应用的***的运行状况，***中设立的温度，压力，流量等的测量装置，仪器，学生可以定量的分析蓄冷，释冷过程，蓄冷空调***的运行性能。9. Cold storage and cooling test. The refrigerant system of this test platform is equipped with a
整个***的参数的控制和数据采集，试验报表生成通过计算机自动完成，控制***友PC机，数据采集仪，RS-232至RS-422/485隔离转换器，数字控制器，数字式功率计，多串口卡，高精度传感器及相关***设备，硬件的总体结构图如图二所示。The parameter control and data collection of the whole system, the generation of test reports are automatically completed by computer, the control system is connected with PC, data acquisition instrument, RS-232 to RS-422/485 isolation converter, digital controller, digital power meter, Multi-serial card, high-precision sensors and related peripheral equipment, the overall structure of the hardware is shown in Figure 2.
***中各个控制参数，排气压力，吸气压力，吸气温度，冷凝器冷却水进口温度，蒸发器冷媒进口温度，冷媒-水换热器冷媒进口温度，冷水进口温度，都时通过数字调节器进行控制，数字调节器通过比较设定压力和温度数值与压力和温度传感器输入的控制参数的实时数值，输出控制型信号，驱动执行器如加热器和电动阀门，实现对控制参数的调节。调节器通过485通讯电缆与上位控制计算机相连，控制器通过接受控制计算机的设定进行对执行器的调节，测量参数通过数据采集器，计算机通讯接口进入计算机进行运算，生成试验数据记录表和试验报表。Various control parameters in the system, such as exhaust pressure, suction pressure, suction temperature, condenser cooling water inlet temperature, evaporator refrigerant inlet temperature, refrigerant-water heat exchanger refrigerant inlet temperature, and cold water inlet temperature, are all digitally adjusted The digital regulator controls the set pressure and temperature values with the real-time values of the control parameters input by the pressure and temperature sensors, outputs control signals, drives actuators such as heaters and electric valves, and realizes the adjustment of control parameters. The regulator is connected to the upper control computer through the 485 communication cable. The controller adjusts the actuator by accepting the settings of the control computer. The measured parameters enter the computer through the data collector and the computer communication interface for calculation, and generate test data record sheets and test data. report.
计算机与仪表的通讯采用RS-485接口，RS—485已成为使用最广泛的双向平衡传输标准，能够高速，长距离收发。RS-485每段最大距离1.2km，最多32个节点，传输速率10M波特，单组双绞线电缆，双向主从通信，高阻抗噪声的差分传送，并行连接的节点，真正的多工通信。在该测控***中，PC机和数据采集仪、数字控制器通信时采用主从协议来管理网络控制权，主控计算机控制整个RS-485网络的运行并发送命令，从机(数据采集仪、数字控制器)接受命令和数据并响应。使用从机构建的RS-485网络采用了对现场信号的完全独立隔离、共地隔离和光电隔离等措施，各节点并行联接，模块与网络之间相互独立，极大地提高了***的可靠性、安全性，能有效地保护计算和数控设备的安全。The communication between the computer and the instrument adopts the RS-485 interface. RS-485 has become the most widely used two-way balanced transmission standard, which can send and receive at high speed and long distance. RS-485 has a maximum distance of 1.2km per segment, a maximum of 32 nodes, a transmission rate of 10M baud, a single twisted pair cable, two-way master-slave communication, differential transmission of high impedance noise, nodes connected in parallel, true multiplex communication . In this measurement and control system, the master-slave protocol is used to manage the network control right when the PC communicates with the data acquisition instrument and the digital controller. digital controller) accepts commands and data and responds. The RS-485 network built by the slave adopts measures such as completely independent isolation of field signals, common ground isolation and photoelectric isolation, and each node is connected in parallel, and the modules and the network are independent of each other, which greatly improves the reliability of the system. Security, which can effectively protect the security of computing and numerical control equipment.
本测控***串行通信功能的开发采用了PcommPro软件包，PcommPro是一种用于处理多进程/多线程的串口通信软件开发工具，它提供了许多基于API函数的命令集来处理串口通信，可以在Delhpi，Visual C++，Visual Basic及PowerBuilder等多种开发工具下使用，具有传输速度快、使用灵活方便等特点，能够满足复杂情况下的串口通信要求。The development of the serial communication function of this measurement and control system uses the PcommPro software package. PcommPro is a serial communication software development tool used to handle multi-process/multi-thread. It provides many command sets based on API functions to handle serial communication. It is used under various development tools such as Delhpi, Visual C++, Visual Basic and PowerBuilder. It has the characteristics of fast transmission speed, flexible and convenient use, etc., and can meet the serial communication requirements in complex situations.
本测控***的软件设计前台开发工具选用了Visual Basic6.0(简称VB)，VB是运行于Windows平台下的一种可视化的高级编程语言，适合于开发视窗类应用程序。该测控***的软件已不再局限于单纯的数据采集功能，更多的增加了数据管理与分析等功能，主要包含以下功能模块：Visual Basic6.0 (VB for short) is selected as the front-end development tool for the software design of this measurement and control system. VB is a visual high-level programming language running on the Windows platform, which is suitable for developing Windows applications. The software of the measurement and control system is no longer limited to simple data collection functions, but more functions such as data management and analysis have been added, mainly including the following functional modules:
1)***测试模块。该模块主要功能是在程序启动时自动检测PC机与各控制器，数据采集模块，功率变送器之间的通信是否正常，只有当检测通信正常时，PC机才可以与之通信，进行响应读写操作。1) System test module. The main function of this module is to automatically detect whether the communication between the PC and each controller, data acquisition module, and power transmitter is normal when the program starts. Only when the detection communication is normal, the PC can communicate with it and respond read and write operations.
2)***参数设置。利用友好的人机交互界面，设置压缩机的铭牌参数，及蒸发压力，冷凝压力，吸气温度，过冷度，载冷剂浓度等工况参数。2) System parameter setting. Use the friendly man-machine interface to set the nameplate parameters of the compressor, as well as the operating parameters such as evaporating pressure, condensing pressure, suction temperature, subcooling degree, and brine concentration.
3)实时显示。模拟工况图：实时显示压缩机的模拟运行情况及吸气温度，吸气压力，排气温度，排气压力等所有检测值；过程线图：以实时曲线的方式显示压缩机吸气温度，吸气压力，排气压力等被控量的检测值；调试工况数据界面：实时显示各个传感器的模拟量、物理量以及系数和偏移，并可对系数和偏移进行设置。3) Real-time display. Simulated working condition diagram: real-time display of the simulated operation of the compressor and all detected values such as suction temperature, suction pressure, discharge temperature, and discharge pressure; process line diagram: display the compressor suction temperature in a real-time curve, Detection values of controlled quantities such as suction pressure and exhaust pressure; debugging working condition data interface: real-time display of analog quantities, physical quantities, coefficients and offsets of each sensor, and coefficients and offsets can be set.
4)打印模块。曲线打印：以所见即所得方式打印参数曲线图；报表打印：检测结束后以报表的方式打印实际的检测结果，生成测试报告和数据记录表。4) Print module. Curve printing: print parameter curves in a WYSIWYG manner; report printing: print the actual test results in a report form after the test is completed, and generate test reports and data recording sheets.
5)通信控制。实现PC机和ADAM数据采集模块、控制器之间的串行通信的控制模块。5) Communication control. A control module that realizes the serial communication between PC, ADAM data acquisition module and controller.
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| 多功能开放式空调创新平台建设. 蔡亮等.实验技术与管理，第23卷第5期. 2006 |
| 多功能开放式空调创新平台建设. 蔡亮等.实验技术与管理，第23卷第5期. 2006 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102607871A (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2012-07-25 | 合肥通用机械研究院 | Test device of cold water unit suitable for low temperature refrigerating medium |
| CN102607871B (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2014-12-10 | 合肥通用机械研究院 | Test device of cold water unit suitable for low temperature refrigerating medium |
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| CN101051005A (en) | 2007-10-10 |
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