ATE125037T1 - Dicken- oder dichtemessgerät. - Google Patents
Dicken- oder dichtemessgerät.Info
- Publication number
- ATE125037T1 ATE125037T1 AT90304211T AT90304211T ATE125037T1 AT E125037 T1 ATE125037 T1 AT E125037T1 AT 90304211 T AT90304211 T AT 90304211T AT 90304211 T AT90304211 T AT 90304211T AT E125037 T1 ATE125037 T1 AT E125037T1
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- thickness
- disclosed
- source
- pin diode
- measuring apparatus
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
- G01N23/16—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the material being a moving sheet or film
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B15/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons
- G01B15/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons for measuring thickness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B15/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons
- G01B15/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons for measuring thickness
- G01B15/025—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons for measuring thickness by measuring absorption
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
- G01N23/203—Measuring back scattering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D5/00—Control of dimensions of material
- G05D5/02—Control of dimensions of material of thickness, e.g. of rolled material
- G05D5/03—Control of dimensions of material of thickness, e.g. of rolled material characterised by the use of electric means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92009—Measured parameter
- B29C2948/92114—Dimensions
- B29C2948/92152—Thickness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92323—Location or phase of measurement
- B29C2948/92361—Extrusion unit
- B29C2948/92409—Die; Nozzle zone
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92323—Location or phase of measurement
- B29C2948/92438—Conveying, transporting or storage of articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
- B29C2948/92609—Dimensions
- B29C2948/92647—Thickness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
- B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
- B29C2948/92904—Die; Nozzle zone
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
- B29C2948/92933—Conveying, transporting or storage of articles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
- G01N23/083—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the radiation being X-rays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/44—Resins; Plastics; Rubber; Leather
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
- G01N9/24—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by observing the transmission of wave or particle radiation through the material
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Length-Measuring Devices Using Wave Or Particle Radiation (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/341,776 US5099504A (en) | 1987-03-31 | 1989-04-21 | Thickness/density mesuring apparatus |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ATE125037T1 true ATE125037T1 (de) | 1995-07-15 |
Family
ID=23338991
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AT90304211T ATE125037T1 (de) | 1989-04-21 | 1990-04-19 | Dicken- oder dichtemessgerät. |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5099504A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0396283B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH0623650B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR900016735A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE125037T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2014893A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69020791T2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB9020353D0 (en) * | 1990-09-18 | 1990-10-31 | Univ Guelph | Method and apparatus for low dose estimates of bone minerals in vivo by gamma ray backscatter |
JPH04331308A (ja) * | 1991-03-05 | 1992-11-19 | Permelec Electrode Ltd | 箔厚み連続測定装置 |
US5811447A (en) | 1993-01-28 | 1998-09-22 | Neorx Corporation | Therapeutic inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle cells |
US6491938B2 (en) | 1993-05-13 | 2002-12-10 | Neorx Corporation | Therapeutic inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle cells |
FR2716259B1 (fr) * | 1994-02-11 | 1996-04-19 | Lorraine Laminage | Dispositif pour la mesure du profil d'épaisseur d'un produit métallique sous forme de bande ou de plaque en défilement. |
US5434774A (en) * | 1994-03-02 | 1995-07-18 | Fisher Controls International, Inc. | Interface apparatus for two-wire communication in process control loops |
US6038021A (en) * | 1997-12-11 | 2000-03-14 | Scientific Technologies, Inc. | Optically based on-line fiber monitoring system with drift compensation |
NL1012750C2 (nl) * | 1999-07-30 | 2001-02-01 | Dsm Nv | Werkwijze voor het bepalen van de dichtheid van een vezel. |
JP3517388B2 (ja) * | 2000-06-14 | 2004-04-12 | 新光電気工業株式会社 | バンプの検査方法及びバンプの検査装置 |
KR100449501B1 (ko) * | 2001-12-21 | 2004-09-21 | 하이테콤시스템(주) | 피혁의 조밀도 추출 장치, 방법 및 프로그램이 기록된기록매체 |
US7005639B2 (en) * | 2003-07-28 | 2006-02-28 | Abb Inc. | System and method of composition correction for beta gauges |
ES2247933B1 (es) * | 2004-07-15 | 2007-05-16 | Asociacion De Investigacion De Las Industrias Ceramicas A.I.C.E. | Metodo y aparato no destructivo para la medida de la densidad en baldosas ceramicas. |
KR100750961B1 (ko) * | 2004-11-09 | 2007-08-22 | 한국생산기술연구원 | 섬유집합체 적층 밀도의 측정 방법 및 측정 장치 |
NZ538649A (en) | 2005-03-07 | 2006-10-27 | Inst Geolog Nuclear Sciences | Estimating strengths of wooden supports using gamma rays |
US7469033B2 (en) | 2006-11-13 | 2008-12-23 | Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | Density measurement with gamma backscattering |
US7903265B2 (en) * | 2008-04-04 | 2011-03-08 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Method for measuring coating uniformity |
US7937233B2 (en) * | 2008-04-17 | 2011-05-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Preferential defect marking on a web |
CN101671809B (zh) * | 2008-09-08 | 2012-09-19 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | 镀膜装置 |
CN101629890B (zh) * | 2009-08-17 | 2011-07-06 | 昆明理工大学 | 浮子式光纤光栅液体密度计 |
US8586913B2 (en) | 2011-01-10 | 2013-11-19 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Fluidic density measurements based on beta particles detection |
US9465061B2 (en) | 2012-05-16 | 2016-10-11 | Transtech Systems, Inc. | In-process material characterization |
JP2014062822A (ja) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-04-10 | Sony Corp | 微小粒子分析装置及び微小粒子分析方法 |
GB201402266D0 (en) * | 2014-02-10 | 2014-03-26 | Mechtronic Ltd | Apparatus for determining identity and/or quantity of a fuel |
US10527570B2 (en) | 2016-01-12 | 2020-01-07 | Transtech Systems, Inc. | Determining location of electromagnetic impedance spectrographic analysis using electromagnetic impedance tomography |
GB2559164B (en) * | 2017-01-27 | 2021-11-10 | Teraview Ltd | Method and system for measuring coating thicknesses |
GB201716550D0 (en) | 2017-10-10 | 2017-11-22 | British American Tobacco Investments Ltd | Rod inspection method and apparatus |
DE102019135733B3 (de) * | 2019-12-23 | 2021-01-21 | Jenoptik Automatisierungstechnik Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verkleidungsteils |
CN112614780A (zh) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-06 | 上海华力微电子有限公司 | 一种晶圆尖峰退火监控方法 |
CN114833024B (zh) * | 2021-02-01 | 2024-01-05 | 浙江华正新材料股份有限公司 | 提高半固化片基重均匀性的方法及上胶机 |
DE102021115492A1 (de) | 2021-04-14 | 2022-10-20 | MTU Aero Engines AG | Verfahren zur charakterisierung einer beschichtung |
Family Cites Families (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2879399A (en) * | 1954-01-26 | 1959-03-24 | J J Maguire | Radiation thickness gauge |
US3016460A (en) * | 1958-04-14 | 1962-01-09 | Goodyear Tire & Rubber | Method and apparatus for web thickness control |
US3828190A (en) * | 1969-01-17 | 1974-08-06 | Measurex Corp | Detector assembly |
US3611173A (en) * | 1969-11-03 | 1971-10-05 | Atomic Energy Commission | Charge-sensitive preamplifier using optoelectronic feedback |
FR2118846A1 (en) * | 1970-12-22 | 1972-08-04 | Radiotechnique Compelec | Semiconductor detector for radiation - having separated semiconducting zones of opposite type on base material |
US3936665A (en) * | 1972-06-12 | 1976-02-03 | Industrial Nucleonics Corporation | Sheet material characteristic measuring, monitoring and controlling method and apparatus using data profile generated and evaluated by computer means |
GB1448669A (en) * | 1972-09-08 | 1976-09-08 | Bakelite Xylonite Ltd | Profile determining and/or controlling system |
US4047029A (en) * | 1976-07-02 | 1977-09-06 | Allport John J | Self-compensating X-ray or γ-ray thickness gauge |
DE2744130A1 (de) * | 1977-09-30 | 1979-04-12 | Siemens Ag | Vorrichtung zum beruehrungsfreien messen des abstandes einer oberflaeche eines objektes von einer bezugsebene |
DE2919858A1 (de) * | 1978-05-17 | 1979-11-22 | British Steel Corp | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bestimmung der abmessungen von werkstuecken |
US4178509A (en) * | 1978-06-02 | 1979-12-11 | The Bendix Corporation | Sensitivity proportional counter window |
WO1980002746A1 (en) * | 1979-06-07 | 1980-12-11 | Nat Res Dev | The detection and determination of species by fluorescence measurements |
US4447721A (en) * | 1979-08-31 | 1984-05-08 | Diagnostic Information, Inc. | Panel type X-ray image intensifier tube and radiographic camera system |
US4292645A (en) * | 1979-10-18 | 1981-09-29 | Picker Corporation | Charge splitting resistive layer for a semiconductor gamma camera |
DE2950441C2 (de) * | 1979-12-14 | 1986-04-10 | Bison-Werke Bähre & Greten GmbH & Co KG, 3257 Springe | Auf Zylinder-Kolbenanordnungen einwirkende Meß- und Steuereinrichtung an einer Heizplattenpresse zur Herstellung von Werkstoffplatten aus Holz od. dgl. gleichmäßiger Dicke |
EP0035356B1 (de) * | 1980-02-28 | 1987-07-15 | Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Regeln der Dicke eines Folienproduktes |
US4301366A (en) * | 1980-06-06 | 1981-11-17 | Nucleonic Data Systems | Chatter detection in thickness measuring gauges and the like |
US4574387A (en) * | 1981-09-18 | 1986-03-04 | Data Measurement Corporation | Apparatus and method for measuring thickness |
JPS6050133B2 (ja) * | 1981-11-05 | 1985-11-07 | 東芝機械株式会社 | 口金隙間調整方法 |
JPS58144914U (ja) * | 1982-03-25 | 1983-09-29 | 日本ビクター株式会社 | 増幅回路 |
US4555767A (en) * | 1982-05-27 | 1985-11-26 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and apparatus for measuring thickness of epitaxial layer by infrared reflectance |
FI68321C (fi) * | 1982-12-01 | 1985-08-12 | Valtion Teknillinen | Foerfarande foer att medelst straolning utsaend av ett roentgenroer utan att foerstoera provet maeta foerdelningen av fyll- och/eller belaeggningsmedel i tjockleksriktningen av papper kartong eller liknande och halten av dessa medel anordningar foer tillaempande av foerfarandet samt anvaendningar av foerfarandet och anordningarna |
GB2140643B (en) * | 1983-05-19 | 1986-09-24 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Optical fibre system |
US4569717A (en) * | 1983-05-24 | 1986-02-11 | Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Method of surface treatment |
US4731804A (en) * | 1984-12-31 | 1988-03-15 | North American Philips Corporation | Window configuration of an X-ray tube |
US4682034A (en) * | 1985-05-06 | 1987-07-21 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada | Blast wave densitometer system |
US4777362A (en) * | 1986-06-04 | 1988-10-11 | Hypres, Inc. | Particle trigger and delay generation system |
US4785186A (en) * | 1986-10-21 | 1988-11-15 | Xerox Corporation | Amorphous silicon ionizing particle detectors |
CA1307056C (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1992-09-01 | Adaptive Technologies, Inc. | Thickness/density measuring apparatus |
-
1989
- 1989-04-21 US US07/341,776 patent/US5099504A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-04-19 EP EP90304211A patent/EP0396283B1/de not_active Revoked
- 1990-04-19 DE DE69020791T patent/DE69020791T2/de not_active Revoked
- 1990-04-19 AT AT90304211T patent/ATE125037T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-04-19 CA CA002014893A patent/CA2014893A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-04-20 JP JP2105162A patent/JPH0623650B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-21 KR KR1019900005705A patent/KR900016735A/ko active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69020791D1 (de) | 1995-08-17 |
KR900016735A (ko) | 1990-11-14 |
EP0396283A3 (de) | 1992-09-23 |
DE69020791T2 (de) | 1996-03-07 |
US5099504A (en) | 1992-03-24 |
EP0396283B1 (de) | 1995-07-12 |
EP0396283A2 (de) | 1990-11-07 |
JPH0363511A (ja) | 1991-03-19 |
CA2014893A1 (en) | 1990-10-21 |
JPH0623650B2 (ja) | 1994-03-30 |
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Date | Code | Title | Description |
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RER | Ceased as to paragraph 5 lit. 3 law introducing patent treaties |